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Il sugarello comune – Trachurus trachurus
Skip to content Il sugarello , conosciuto anche come suro o tracuro è un pesce pelagico gregario che vive in Mediterraneo, in Atlantico orientale e nell’Oceano indiano. E’ abbondantemente presente in Mar Nero. Pesce che ama vivere in acque comprese tra i 5 ed 100m nel periodo, in inverno lo si ritrova a profondità piu importanti, spesso superiori ai 1000m.
Vive in banchi composti da numerosi esemplari e si avvicinano sottocosta vivendo su fondali sabbiosi.
Pesce affusolato, presenta una linea laterale che attraversa quasi tutto il corpo. Tale linea laterale presenta dei scutelli (aculei ricurvi all’indietro) presenti verso la fine coda . Il nome tracuro dal greco vuol dire infatti coda spinosa . E’ presente una macchia nera sulla parte dell’opercolo e nella giunzione delle pinne pettorali.
Il sugarello presenta una bocca protrattile ed un occhio molto grande. Pesce di medie dimensione, il sugarello non supera i 30cm di lunghezza.
A prima vista può assomigliare ad una boga o ad uno sgombro, ma il sugarello appartiene alla famiglia dei carangidi.
Come riconoscere i sugarelli Sono tante le specie di sugarelli, in Mediterraneo esiste appunto il sugarello mediterraneo (Trachurus mediterraneus ) piu magro e con la linea laterale accessoria che raggiunge la giunzione tra le due pinne dorsali. Il sugarello mediterraneo presente una coda giallastra
Il sugarello blu (Trachurus picturatus ) ha un corpo sottile e subcilindrico, la linea laterale accessoria che si estende oltre l’inizio della seconda pinna dorsale. L’ultimo raggio delle pinne dorsali e anale è leggermente separato. La parte posteriore è blu scuro. È una specie pelagica.
I giovani si incontrano spesso sotto meduse (associazione classica con Cotylorhiza tuberculata e Rhizostoma pulmo), e altri oggetti alla deriva per proteggersi dai predatori.
Cosa mangia il sugarello E’ un pesce che si nutre di piccoli pesci, crostacei, cefalopodi e meduse.
Migrazioni verticali I sugarelli seguono il plancton, salgono in superficie la notte per poi ritrovare il fondo con le prime luci dell’alba.
Riproduzione Si riproducono intorno ai 3 anni di età per le femmine e 5 per i maschi. I sessi sono separati e la fecondazione è esterna.
Il sugarello ha un alto tasso di riproduzione. La femmina può deporre fino a 140.000 uova giallo-marroni sferiche e lisce, che vengono rilasciate in acqua durante la stagione estiva. Al momento della schiusa, le larve misurano appena 5 mm.
La loro durata di vita è stimata in 22 anni.
La pesca professionale Si cattura con reti da posta e con le reti a circuizione per il pesce azzurro. Ad esempio nella pesca con la lampara per le sardine è facile ritrovarsi banchi di migliaia di esemplari.
La pesca sportiva E’ un vorace predatore, è spesso preda della pesca a bolentino. Lo si usa poi come esca viva nella traina di superficie o nella traina a fondo per i dentici .
Come riconoscere le specie di sugarelli o tracuri
Il suro in cucina Il sugarello è commestibile. Viene consumato affumicato, infarinato e fritto, arrostito al barbecue o semplicemente bollito e condito con olio limone e prezzemolo.
Il suro é un pesce azzurro ricco di proteine e grassi Omega3. Ogni 100g di pesce ben il 18% sono proteine . Ricco di potassio, magnesio, calcio, ferro e zinco.
Il suro é spessissimo contaminato da vermi parassiti come l’anisakis . Per tale motivo se ne sconsiglia il consumo crudo. Il parassita si annida negli organi della cavità addominale.
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