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Placodermi: i pesci con l’armatura - Il giornale del mare
Skip to content Alla scoperta dei placodermi. I pesci estinti che raggiungevano i 10 metri di lunghezza. I Placodermi , sono un gruppo di pesci con grosse mascelle, comparvero circa 395 milioni di anni fa, all’inizio del Devoniano e si estinsero circa 50 milioni di anni dopo alla fine del Devoniano. Erano pesci per lo più di modeste dimensioni, anche se una specie, Dunkleosteus , raggiungeva i 10 m di lunghezza, coperti di placche ossee sulla testa e la parte anteriore del corpo. Alcune delle specie conosciute conducevano vita bentonica sul fondo e avevano forma del corpo appiattita, altre avevano il corpo allungato e coda squaliforme e probabilmente conducevano vita pelagica. La mascella superiore era tipicamente fusa con il cranio e un’articolazione univa le placche ossee poste sul capo con quelle del tronco. Una connessione mobile tra le vertebre anteriori e il cranio permetteva il sollevamento della testala fine di ottenere una maggiore apertura della cavità boccale.
Altre caratteristiche di questi pesci erano la pinna caudale generalmente eterocerca e la di pinne pettorali e pelviche. Da un punto di vista sistematico i Placodermi vengono generalmente considerati come appartenenti ad una classe a parte di pesci gnatostomi anche se alcuni autori li includono nei Condroitti o li ritengono progenitori di questi ultimi.
Sembra inoltre che i placodermi fossero dotati di un appetito insaziabile, tanto insaziabile da portarli a nutrirsi di qualunque cosa, fino ad inghiottire bocconi grossi quanto la metà della loro lunghezza. E pare sia stato proprio l’appetito eccessivo dell’esemplare del museo di Cleveland a portare questo animale alla morte. Tanto da azzannare anche squali di grosse dimensioni. L’esemplare in questione come visto dagli studi fatti dai ricercatori del museo ha pero’ azzannato uno squalo dell’ordine dei ctenacantiformi, squali che avevano delle spine cartilaginee. Quando il placoderma ha tentato di azzannare lo squalo, la preda ha sollevato le spine, facendo in modo che queste si conficcassero nel palato del predatore e penetrassero nella scatola cranica, uccidendolo all’istante.
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