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La differenza tra sogliola e limanda
Skip to content Nel mondo della pesca e del consumo di pesce, sogliola e limanda sono spesso confusi, ma appartengono a famiglie diverse e presentano differenze significative sia dal punto di vista biologico che commerciale. Analizziamo le principali differenze tra questi due pesci, con un focus su dati scientifici, costi e quantità pescate.
Caratteristiche biologiche e tassonomiche La sogliola comune (Solea solea ) appartiene alla famiglia dei Soleidi, mentre la limanda (Limanda limanda ), più comunemente conosciuta come passera di mare , fa parte della famiglia dei Pleuronettidi. Entrambi sono pesci piatti che vivono sui fondali sabbiosi, ma differiscono nella morfologia e nelle abitudini.
Sogliola : corpo ovale e colorazione marrone con macchie scure sulla parte superiore, occhi sul lato destro.Limanda : più piccola e meno pregiata, con un corpo leggermente più arrotondato e una colorazione marrone chiaro, con bordi delle pinne giallastri.Le catture di limanda sono generalmente più abbondanti nei mesi estivi, quando il pesce è più attivo e si sposta in acque più basse per nutrirsi e riprodursi. Durante l’inverno, le limande si spostano verso acque più profonde, rendendone più difficile la pesca.
Habitat e distribuzione La sogliola si trova principalmente nel Mar Mediterraneo e lungo le coste dell’Atlantico nord-orientale , prediligendo fondali sabbiosi e fangosi a profondità comprese tra i 20 e i 200 metri. La limanda è più comune nel Mare del Nord e nell’Atlantico settentrionale , vivendo su fondali sabbiosi tra i 30 e i 100 metri di profondità. Quantità pescate Secondo i dati della FAO e degli enti nazionali di pesca, nel 2023:
Le catture di sogliola hanno raggiunto circa 27.000 tonnellate nelle acque del Mediterraneo e dell’Atlantico nord-orientale, con il 70% delle catture provenienti da acque europee. Le catture di limanda sono state inferiori, attestandosi intorno alle 15.000 tonnellate , principalmente nei mari del Nord Europa. Costi e mercato La sogliola è considerata un pesce pregiato. Il costo al dettaglio nel 2023 è variato tra i 25 e i 40 euro al chilogrammo , con picchi nei mesi invernali. La limanda , meno pregiata e più abbondante, ha un prezzo medio di circa 10-15 euro al chilogrammo . Queste differenze di prezzo sono dovute alla qualità della carne: la sogliola è rinomata per la sua carne bianca, delicata e ricca di sapore, mentre la limanda, seppur buona, è considerata meno saporita.
Valore nutrizionale Dal punto di vista nutrizionale, entrambe le specie offrono proteine di alta qualità e sono povere di grassi. Tuttavia, vi sono leggere differenze:
Sogliola : contiene circa 17 grammi di proteine e 2 grammi di grassi per 100 grammi di pesce.Limanda : offre 16 grammi di proteine e 1 grammo di grassi per la stessa quantità.Gestione sostenibile delle risorse Per quanto riguarda la sostenibilità, la pesca della sogliola è attentamente regolamentata, con quote annuali stabilite dall’Unione Europea per prevenire l’overfishing. La pesca della limanda, sebbene meno regolamentata, è comunque monitorata, poiché alcune aree del Mare del Nord mostrano segnali di sovrasfruttamento.
Secondo un rapporto dell’ICES (International Council for the Exploration of the Sea) del 2023, le popolazioni di sogliola nel Mediterraneo stanno subendo una leggera diminuzione, con una riduzione delle catture del 5% rispetto all’anno precedente, mentre le popolazioni di limanda sono più stabili, con un aumento del 3% nelle catture totali.
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