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La medusa polmone di mare - Rhizostoma pulmo
Skip to content La medusa polmone di mare é una grande medusa di colore bianco riconoscibile da un orlo di colore blu nella parte inferiore dell’ombrello (o cappello). Il polmone di mare può pesare sino a 10 Kg e superare il metro di diametro. Si tratta di una specie innocua , anche se il contatto con essa puo’ provocare pruriti, dermatiti ed arrossamenti a persone sensibili. Vive spesso in simbiosi con dei piccoli pesci come suri, piccole ricciole o piccole boghe che si proteggono dai predatori nuotando all’interno dell’ombrello della medusa. Puo’ essere parassitata dal piccolo creostaceo Hyperia galba . Il nome scientifico del polmone di mare è Rhizostoma pulmo .
Le braccia orali del polmone di mare ospitano spesso alghe unicellulari fotosintetiche come le zooxantelle , che danno tonalità gialle, marroni o verdi.
Presente praticamente in tutti i mari del pianeta, R. pulmo é una medusa planctonica che si muove lentamente in acque poco profonde. È comune nelle lagune e negli estuari.
Il polmone di mare si nutre generalmente di plancton , le piccole prede vengono aspirate attraverso gli ostioli della bocca e quindi digerite all’interno della cavità gastrica. Prede più grandi, come i piccoli pesci, possono essere digerite sulla superficie stessa dei lobi della bocca ricoperti di cnidociti .
Possiede un ombrello con una forma semisferica, al di sotto del cappello si trova il manubrio che é composto da 8 prolungamenti di colore bianco opalescente. Da questi prolungamenti si dipartono 8 grandi tentacoli.
Una medusa grande quanto un uomo Nel 2019, un esemplare grande quasi due metri é stato ritrovato e documentato tra le acque della Cornovaglia.
La riproduzione Il polmone di mare é una specie di medusa a sessi separati. I maschi si riconoscono dalle femmine per il colore delle gonadi. Nei maschi hanno un colore tendente al blu, nelle femmine invece il colore tende al marrone con sfumature arancioni.
Dopo l’emissione dei gameti in acqua e la successiva fecondazione si forma una piccola planula pelagica, che dopo essersi depositata sul fondo darà origine ad un scyphistoma . Questo subirà una serie di strozzamenti per sterilizzazione che condurrà al rilascio di efirule che si evolveranno in nuove meduse adulte.
La strobilizzazione del polmone di mare sarebbe più intensa durante i periodi di grande caldo. È per questo motivo che, in alcune estati, assistiamo a grandi invasioni di meduse sulle spiagge.
Spiaggiamenti di Rhizostoma pulmo Durante le mareggiate di fine estate sino all ‘arrivo dell’inverno possono capitare degli spiaggiamenti di massa di queste meduse. Durano poche in spiaggia, dopodiche vengono seccate dal sole. Sulla spiaggia in poche ore non rimane piu nulla.
Una medusa non urticante Il contatto con rizostoma pulmo non é preoccupante . Anche in caso di contatto con i tentacoli nella maggior parte dei casi non si hanno ne irritazioni ne arrossamenti. Alcuni soggetti piu sensibili possono pero avere delle dermatiti. Questa grande medusa presente in Mediterraneo rilascia delle tossine in acqua che possono provocare bruciore nelle parti piu sensibili quali naso e bocca. Tale bruciore scompare nel giro di qualche ora.
Predazione Le meduse polmone di mare sono spesso prede delle tartarughe marine come la Caretta caretta o la Tartaruga liuto.
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Un’articolo molto belo che illumina sulla reale non pericolosità di questa splendida medusa. Chi legge può adesso ammirarla senza paura anche se con qualche attenzione.
Aggiungerei soltanto di avere l’accuratezza di non confonderla con una specie aliena la Rhopilema nomadica che ad uno sguardo superficiale appare molto simile al Rhizostoma pulmo. La prima al contrario dell’innocuo polmone di mare è un esemplare molto urticante ed aggressivo con le specie ittiche della zona nutrendosi anche di piccole tartarughe marine. é una specie che è stata accidentalmente introdotta attraverso il canale di Suez.
Il metodo più facile per identificarla è l’assenza dell’ orlo di colore blu nella parte inferiore dell’ombrello.
In sintesi: se bianca con orlo blu, ammiriamola con attenzione. Se tutta bianca, scappiamo e basta :)
Ottimo intervento Claudio !!!