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Calliactis parasitica, l’anemone del paguro
Skip to content La Calliactis Parasita , conosciuta come attinia del paguro, ortica di mare o ancora come anemone del paguro è uno cnidiario appartenente alla classe degli antozoi . Un animale bentonico che vive in Mediterraneo ed in oceano Atlantico. Calliactis parasitica é molto comune nel basso Mediterraneo dove vive in stretta associazione con con alcuni crostacei ed alcuni molluschi forniti di conchiglia. In particolare ama vivere con i paguri della specie Dardanus arrosor e Pagurus bernhardus e con il gasteropode Buccino in Atlantico.
Questo anemone di mare come tutte le attinie ha una forma allungata ed u piede ventrale che gli permette di aderire ai substrati come quelli delle conchiglie. Di colore marrone con strisce longitudinali piuttosto chiare, l’anemone del paguro possiede una corona di tentacoli che utilizza per portare alla bocca i piccoli animali di cui si nutre e per difendersi dai predatori .I tentacoli, corti e fini sono tanti, in alcuni casi sino a 700 . Come tutti gli cnidiari , l’attinia del paguro emette dei filamenti chiamati aconzie di colore bianco che sono appiccicosi ed urticanti. La tossina prodotto dall’anemone è chiamata calitossina o Calitoxin (CLX) , che è immagazzinata nelle nematocisti (o cnidocisti), organi urticanti racchiusi in alcune cellule ectodermiche dell’anemone.
La riproduzione dell’anemone La riproduzione é sessuata ed avviene per emissione delle uova dalla cavità gastrovascolare. Addirittura alcuni anemoni possono riprodursi per scissione.
La vita con il paguro Entrambi i due animali traggono vantaggio da una vita associata. Si tratta in effetti di una simbiosi mutualistica dove entrambi gli animali traggono beneficio reciproco. Il paguro aumenta le sue dimensioni e si mimetizza come fosse una roccia, nascosto dai predatori come il polpo le orate ed altri grandi pesci . E’ pero’ il paguro, a portare con se l’attinia ogni volta che cresce e cambia casa. Minuziosamente infatti, stacca con le chele l’anemone e lo deposita sulla nuova conchiglia . Alcuni studi hanno dimostrato tra l’altro che in paguri senza attinie sul dorso la predazione da parte dei polpi aumenta.
L’origine del nome scientifico Calliactis : dal greco [kallos] = bello [actis] = raggi,
parasitica : dal greco [parasitos] = parassita, ovvero che si nutre in associazione ad un commensale in questo caso il paguro
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