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Lista rossa delle specie minacciate: una conclusione allarmante per il mondo acquatico
Skip to content Home Biologia marina Lista rossa delle specie minacciate: una conclusione allarmante per il mondo acquatico La Lista rossa delle specie minacciate è stata aggiornata ed i risultati non sono per niente rassicuranti. L’inventario IUCN conta quasi 150.000 specie minacciate ed evidenzia in particolare l’effetto distruttivo delle attività umane sulla fauna marina . Dal dugongo all’abalone , nessuna specie marina viene risparmiata.
L’ultimo aggiornamento della Red List of Threatened Species della IUCN (Unione Internazionale per la Conservazione della Natura) presenta una valutazione sempre più critica per le specie marine. Le attività umane interessano hanno un impatto negativo su moltissime specie, dai molluschi ai mammiferi marini sino ai coralli. Delle 150.388 specie inventariate , quasi 18.000 vivono in un ambiente acquatico e tra queste, 1.550 sono minacciate di estinzione.
I dugonghi sono a rischio critico di estinzione Specie iconiche come il dugongo ( Dugong dugon ) sono tra le vittime dell’attività umana. Sono soprattutto i dugonghi dell’Africa orientale e della Nuova Caledonia ad essere minacciati. I primi sono stati classificati come “in pericolo critico “, con solo 250 individui rimasti , e i secondi come “in pericolo” con solo 900 membri ancora in vita.
Questo calo è dovuto principalmente alle catture involontarie con attrezzi da pesca e al bracconaggio. Ma non è tutto: l’alimento principale di questi mammiferi erbivori sta diventando sempre più raro. Le fanerogame marine e le mangrovie vengono distrutte dalla pesca a strascico e dall’inquinamento.
Per impedire l’estinzione di questi animali è imperativa la creazione di ulteriori aree di conservazione per consentire la scomparsa dei dugonghi.
I coralli in stato critico Anche i coralli, che sono al centro dello sviluppo delle comunità acquatiche, stanno subendo un forte declino . Questa volta è il corallo Dendrogyra cylindricus che entra a far parte dell’elenco delle specie “in pericolo critico” , mentre era classificato come “vulnerabile ” negli ultimi rapporti IUCN. La sua popolazione è stata ridotta dell’80% nella maggior parte del suo areale dal 1990. Attualmente, questo corallo, che abita principalmente il Mar dei Caraibi , sta scomparendo a causa del bleaching , ovvero la malattia da sbiancamento dovuta alla perdita delle xoozantelle. Negli ultimi quattro anni, questo disturbo si è diffuso alle popolazioni di coralli a causa dell’indebolimento del sistema immunitario.
Dendrogyra cylindricu è un corallo coloniale che forma aggregazioni colonnari grossolanamente cilindriche, di colore dal grigio al bruno, alte sino a 2 mNon possiamo permetterci di fallire Sebbene i mammiferi e coralli siano vittime ben note delle attività umane, anche i molluschi ne sono particolarmente colpiti. L’ultimo aggiornamento della Lista rossa delle specie minacciate evidenzia in particolare il caso degli abaloni . 20 delle 54 specie di abalone ( Haliotis sp. ) sono ora minacciate di estinzione. Questo animale, chiamato anche “tartufo di mare”, è pesantemente pescato in tutto il mondo perché venduto a prezzi esorbitanti.
“ L’ultimo aggiornamento della Lista Rossa IUCN rivela una perfetta combinazione di attività umane insostenibili che decimano la vita marina in tutto il mondo. Mentre il mondo guarda alla Conferenza delle Nazioni Unite sulla biodiversità per tracciare una rotta per il recupero della natura, semplicemente non possiamo permetterci di fallire
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