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Pesce congelato torna in vita
Skip to content Un Pesce congelato torna in vita dopo essere stato immerso in un liquido ad una temperatura di -35°.
Il video che vi presentiamo è estremamente interessante dal punto di vista scientifico. Osservate come il pesce viene immerso ad una temperature di 35° sotto lo 0. Dopo l’immersione il pesce è rigido, congelato esattamente. Ma dopo pochi secondi il pesce torna a vivere. Magia? Pesce mutante?
Come fa Un pesce congelato a tornare in vita ? La spiegazione del ritorno alla vita di questo pesce sta nel metabolismo. Sono diverse le specie infatti che riescono a resistere a temperature molto basse. Vedi ad esempio il pesce ghiaccio . Molte specie infatti che vivono a basse temperature possono sopportare brevi tempi di congelamento. Tutto questo grazie alle proteine antigelo* che possono abbassare la temperatura di congelamento del sangue. Nel video effettivamente il processo di congelamento è veloce, circa 5 secondi. Questo spiega il motivo per cui il pesce ritorna in vita. Questa strategia potrebbe salvare diverse da estinzioni di massa in periodi di glaciazione. Ma evidentemente, il pesce non riuscirà a sopravvivere a lungo dopo un congelamento a quelle temperature. Il trauma è comunque letale per l’animale .
*Proteine strutturanti il ghiaccio (Ice structuring proteins , ISP) ci si riferisce a una classe di polipeptidi prodotti da alcuni vertebrati, piante, funghi e batteri che permettono la loro sopravvivenza in ambienti sottozero. Queste proteine si legano ai piccoli cristalli di ghiaccio e ne impediscono la crescita e ricristallizzazione, che altrimenti sarebbe fatale. Vi è inoltre una crescente evidenza che le AFP interagiscono con le membrane cellulari delle cellule di mammifero per proteggerli dai danni da freddo.
Approfondendo questo fenomeno, è sorprendente scoprire che i pesci che vivono in acque glaciali hanno adattamenti davvero unici. La capacità di “tornare in vita” dopo un congelamento è dovuta, in gran parte, alla presenza di proteine antigelo, che consentono a queste specie di resistere a temperature altrimenti fatali.
Queste proteine antigelo (ISP), prodotte da alcuni pesci, piante e perfino batteri, funzionano legandosi ai cristalli di ghiaccio microscopici e impedendo loro di crescere. Questo processo riduce la probabilità che il ghiaccio danneggi le membrane cellulari, mantenendo le cellule vive anche in condizioni di congelamento. I pesci ghiaccio, che abitano le acque dell’Antartide, hanno perfezionato questa capacità evolvendosi in ambienti dove le temperature restano sotto lo zero per gran parte dell’anno.
Questi adattamenti funzionano come una sorta di “ibernazione” breve e molto rapida, consentendo al corpo di entrare in uno stato di rigidità totale senza danni permanenti, a patto che il congelamento sia temporaneo. Una volta riportato a una temperatura normale, il metabolismo riprende gradualmente, permettendo agli organi di rimettersi in funzione. Questo tipo di adattamento mostra il potere dell’evoluzione di trovare soluzioni di sopravvivenza straordinarie, soprattutto in contesti dove le temperature rigide rappresentano una minaccia costante.
Gli studi su queste proteine antigelo hanno portato anche a implicazioni pratiche in campo medico e alimentare. Per esempio, si stanno studiando modi per utilizzare queste proteine per la conservazione di organi destinati a trapianti, estendendo i tempi di conservazione senza danni da ghiaccio. Nell’industria alimentare, inoltre, queste ISP vengono talvolta aggiunte ai cibi congelati per mantenere la consistenza e la qualità, riducendo la formazione di cristalli di ghiaccio.
Ciò che osserviamo in questi pesci è il risultato di milioni di anni di adattamento alle pressioni ambientali. Anche se per noi è straordinario, per loro è la vita quotidiana, un sistema di sopravvivenza su misura per le dure acque polari.
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