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Lo squalo martello
Skip to content Con il nome di squalo martello sono indicate tutte le specie di squali appartenenti alla famiglia degli sphyrnidi . Il nome viene graco σφυρί , sphyrí che vuol dire appunto martello. Gli occhi di questo squalo sono posizionati su delle protuberanze che sporgono ai lati della testa testa a forma di martello.
Ad oggi sono conosciute 10 specie di squalo martello , che vivono in Atlantico, nel Pacifico e in Oceano Indiano in acque relativamente basse. Tra le acque della Colombia risiede un grande gruppo composto da circa 300 esemplari . Questo squalo è anche presente in Mediterraneo , in particolare la specie Squalo martello smerlato Sphyrna lewini che è stato avvistato tra le acque del Nord Africa sino a Lampedusa.
Una vista a 360 gradi La posizione degli occhi permette allo squalo una vista a 360° . La forma bizzarra della testa permette però non solo allo squalo di vederci meglio ma anche di poter scovare più facilmente le prede . La superficie piu’ ampia infatti permette allo squalo di aumentare la quantità di ampolle del Lorenzini e di poter percepire i campi elettrici piu facilmente i segnali (anche i più deboli) inviati dalle prede nascoste.
Le dimensioni dello squalo martello Tra le 10 specie quella che raggiunge le dimensioni maggiori è sicuramente Sphyrna mokarran conosciuto come squalo martello maggiore che puo’ superare i 6 metri di lunghezza e pesare sino a 500Kg.
Il video di un’immersione con gli squali martello La riproduzione dello squalo martello il genere Sphyrna comprende 9 delle 10 specie di squalo martello conosciute fino ad oggi. Fa parte dell’ordine dei Carchariforme che comprende la maggior parte delle specie di squali, tra cui lo squalo tigre , il grande squalo bianco, lo squalo longimano o il gattuccio.
Si tratta di un momento violento quanto delicato. Il maschio infatti per trattenere la femmina la morde con violenza sul dorso. Dopo averla fecondata e gli embrioni si sviluppano all’interno di un uovo ma nel ventre della madre. Questa strategie riproduttiva prende il nome di ovoviviparità.
Gli embrioni si nutrono nei primi momenti di vita dalle sostanze nutritive presenti nell’uovo, una volta esaurite le scorte il sacco vitellino si trasforma in una pseudo placenta. All’interno della pancia della madre i piccoli continueranno a nutrirsi delle uova non fecondate (oofagia ) o addirittura dei fratelli senza vita. Dopo circa 1 anno nella pancia della madre i piccoli usciranno già formati e pronti per una vita senza cure parentali.
Lo stadio adulto Predatori aggressivi ed instancabili, gli squali martello si nutrono di pesci, razze, aragoste e polpi che trovano nel dominio bentonico spesso nascoste sotto la sabbia o le rocce.
Attacchi all’uomo Anche se si tratta di animali aggressivi e famelici gli attacchi all’uomo sono rari. L’international Shark Attack File ha cominciato a catalogare tutti gli attacchi all’uomo da parte di squali martello dal 2009. Sembra che un solo attacco sia risultato mortale su circa 40. 17 attacchi di squali martello non provocati documentati. Nessuno di questi attacchi ha causato la morte di una persona.
Gli squali martello sono considerati pericolosi per l’uomo perché sono grandi e cacciatori. Tuttavia, non sono ostili nei confronti degli umani e non cercano attivamente vittime umane. Gli attacchi di squali martello sono rari, ma possono verificarsi se lo squalo si sente minacciato.
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