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Lo squalo toro
Skip to content Lo squalo toro vive sulle coste dell’Oceano Atlantico, dal Canada al Brasile meridionale. Nel Mediterraneo, in estate, si osservano raduni di piccoli gruppi vicino alla costa libanese. Questa specie è rara sulle coste italiane. Lo squalo toro è una specie che si può trovare sia al largo che vicino alle coste a profondità variabili dalla zona intertidale a circa 220 m. Vive più spesso su fondali sabbiosi tra coralli e scogliere rocciose. Le pinne dorsali sono due, la prima mediamente grande, la seconda più piccola. Anche le pinne pettorali sono poco sviluppate. A discapito del suo aspetto lo squalo toro è relativamente placido e si muove lentamente, nonostante questo rimane un ottimo nuotatore. Squalo praticamente cosmopolita vive tra i 10 ed i 60 metri di profondità, spesso si nasconde in buche o in grotte durante il giorno ed esce soltanto la notte per nutrirsi.
Lo squalo toro ha un corpo moderatamente massiccio . Nuota quasi tutto il tempo con la bocca aperta. Il suo muso è corto e di forma conica. Le sue due pinne dorsali sono grandi e di dimensioni quasi uguali. Presenta cinque fessure branchiali moderatamente lunghe, situate davanti alla base delle pinne pettorali. I denti dello squalo toro sono appuntiti, non seghettati e sporgenti . Gli occhi sono piccoli e privi di palpebre protettive (membrane nittitanti ). I giovani hanno macchie rossastre o brunastre sulla zona posteriore del corpo e della coda. Il dorso dello squalo toro è di colore bruno-grigiastro , la sua pancia è bianca. La sua dimensione massima è di 3,20 m. Può pesare fino a 158 kg (peso massimo registrato).
La sua dieta consiste in piccoli squali, crostacei (granchi e aragoste ), cefalopodi e di vari pesci. Lo squalo toro è in grado di perforare la sua preda. Infatti, la sua dentatura anteriore superiore mostra un’inclinazione verso l’interno più pronunciata di quella dei denti laterali superiori e di quella dei denti anteriori inferiori. La sua dentatura si adatta anche alla ritenzione della preda per il semplice fatto che i suoi denti laterali superiori sono più inclinati dei suoi denti laterali inferiori.
Lo squalo toro è ovoviviparo . La maturità sessuale si raggiunge quando la taglia è compresa tra 1,75 e 2,50 m. La durata della gestazione è compresa tra 9 e 12 mesi. La stagione riproduttiva è generalmente la primavera. Durante la copulazione il maschio infligge morsi nella zona delle branchie della femmina. La femmina smette di nutrirsi durante la stagione riproduttiva. I primi embrioni si sviluppano in buste uterine separate e si nutrono per 9 mesi sugli embrioni e sulle uova non fecondate. La femmina partorirà in inverno uno o due giovani di 1 m.
Colorazione : dorso grigio-bruno con macchie irregolari sui fianchi color bruno-rossastro; ventre bianco. Le sue prede sono costituite da pesci, razze, squali, crostacei e cefalopodi.
Curiosità : Lo squalo toro è uno squalo che si adatta bene alla vita e riproduzione in acquario, infatti sono presenti diversi esemplari nei più grandi acquari del mondo.
E’ una specie in pericolo estinzione.
Carcharias taurus ( Rafinesque, 1810)
Ordine: Lamniformi Famiglia: Odontaspidi Genere: Carcharias
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