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I Saccofaringiformi, i pesci abissali dalla grande faringe
Skip to content I Saccofaringiformi (Dal greco sakkos, a forma di sacco e pharuggos, faringe ) sono dei pesci abissali conosciuti anche con il nome di pesci pellicano a causa della loro sacca golare (faringe) che li caratterizza. Sono anche conosciuti con il nome di anguilla abissale. Vivono in tutte le acque del pianeta ma sembra non siano presenti in Mar Mediterraneo . Questi pesci abissali si dividono in 2 sottordini ed in 4 famiglie. Sono pesci che possono misurare dai 40cm sino ai 2 metri. La caratteristica comune è il grande sacco della gola che serve a deglutire delle prede molto grosse, a volte anche più grandi del pesce stesso.
I Saccofaringiformi si nutrono di pesci calamari, ma anche di piccoli copepodi e di plancton. La rudimentale pinna caudale di questi pesci è spesso munita di una funzione bioluminescente che questi pesci abissali utilizzano per comunicare e per predare nel buio delle profondità marine.
La forma del cranio di questi pesci nel tempo ha perso diverse parti funzionali come la mascella superiore dei Monognathidae . Le scaglie e la vescica natatoria non sono presenti.
Dei Saccofaringiformi si sa molto poco, sembra che la larva sia un leptacefalo comunque diverso a quello degli anguilliformi. E’ probabile che la riproduzione avvenga una sola volta nel corso della loro vita.
Questi pesci abissali si dividono in 2 sottordini ed in 4 famiglie.
Le 4 famiglie de Saccofaringiformi I cyematidae s ono relativamente piccoli con una bocca a forma di becco simili a quello dell’aguglia. I monognathidae Hanno una faringe piccola ma uno stomaco estensibile. I saccopharyngidae sono i pesci più conosciuti di quest’ordine. Hanno una grande faringe e un rogano bioluminescente sulla coda. Della famiglia degli eurypharyngidae fa parte una sola specie : Eurypharynx pelecanoides. Questo pesce possiede due grandi mascelle che apre per catturare il plancton di cui nutre.
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