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Gambero grigio – Crangon crangon - Il giornale del mare
Skip to content Il Gambero grigio , scientificamente noto come Crangon crangon , è una specie di crostaceo decapode appartenente alla famiglia Crangonidae. Questo gambero è ampiamente distribuito nelle acque costiere dell’Europa e del Nord Africa, in particolare nell’Atlantico nord-orientale, nel Mar Baltico e nel Mar Mediterraneo.
Caratteristiche Morfologiche Il Gambero grigio è facilmente riconoscibile per il suo corpo allungato e compresso lateralmente, che può raggiungere una lunghezza di circa 5-9 cm negli esemplari adulti. La colorazione è prevalentemente grigia o marrone, con variazioni che possono dipendere dall’ambiente in cui vive, contribuendo così a un’efficace mimetizzazione.
Il corpo è suddiviso in tre principali regioni: il cefalotorace (parte anteriore), l’addome (parte centrale) e il telson (parte posteriore). Il cefalotorace è protetto da una robusta corazza chiamata carapace, che presenta una spina dorsale centrale. Le antenne sono lunghe e sottili, e il primo paio di appendici (chelipedi ) sono modificate in pinze.
Habitat e Distribuzione Il Gambero grigio abita principalmente fondali sabbiosi e fangosi, da acque poco profonde fino a profondità di circa 50 metri. È una specie eurialina, capace di tollerare ampie variazioni di salinità, il che gli permette di vivere sia in acque marine che in estuari e lagune salmastre.
Alimentazione Questa specie è onnivora e si nutre di una diversi organismi bentonici. La sua dieta include piccoli invertebrati, come policheti, piccoli crostacei e molluschi, oltre a detriti organici e alghe. Il Gambero grigio è anche un predatore opportunista, che caccia le sue prede durante la notte.
Riproduzione La riproduzione del Gambero grigio avviene generalmente durante i mesi più caldi. Le femmine portano le uova fecondate sotto l’addome fino alla schiusa, che avviene dopo circa 4-6 settimane. Le larve passano attraverso diversi stadi larvali prima di metamorfosare in giovani gamberi, un processo che avviene in acque più calme e ricche di nutrienti.
Importanza Economica ed Ecologica Il Gambero grigio ha un’importanza economica significativa in molte regioni costiere europee, dove viene pescato sia per il consumo umano che per l’uso come esca nella pesca sportiva. Le tecniche di pesca variano da reti a strascico a metodi più sostenibili, come le reti da posta.
Ecologicamente, il Gambero grigio svolge un ruolo cruciale come preda per numerosi pesci e uccelli marini. La sua presenza è indicativa della salute degli ecosistemi bentonici costieri, poiché è sensibile ai cambiamenti ambientali e alla qualità dell’acqua.
In Belgio, a Oostduinkerke, alcuni pescatori continuano a catturare tradizionalmente i gamberi grigi usando reti da traino tirate da cavalli da tiro della razza brabantina . Questa pratica di pesca, che si svolge sempre con la bassa marea, è diventata un’attrazione turistica.
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