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Granchio favollo – Eriphia verrucosa - Il giornale del mare
Skip to content Eriphia verrucosa
Il Granchio favollo , scientificamente noto come Eriphia verrucosa , è un crostaceo decapode appartenente alla famiglia Eriphiidae . Questo granchio è comune nelle acque costiere del Mar Mediterraneo, del Mar Nero e dell’Atlantico orientale, dalla Bretagna fino alle coste del Marocco.
Caratteristiche Morfologiche Il Granchio favollo si distingue per il suo carapace robusto e rugoso, di forma quadrangolare e di colore variabile dal bruno-rossastro al verde scuro. Il carapace può raggiungere una larghezza di circa 10-12 cm negli esemplari adulti. Le chele sono particolarmente sviluppate e potenti, con tubercoli e spine visibili, che conferiscono al granchio un aspetto ruvido. Le chele sono di colore più scuro rispetto al carapace e hanno punte nere.
Habitat e Distribuzione Eriphia verrucosa vive principalmente in acque costiere poco profonde, preferendo fondali rocciosi e aree ricche di vegetazione marina. Si trova spesso nascosto sotto le rocce, tra le alghe o in piccole grotte subacquee. Predilige le zone intertidali, dove può facilmente trovare rifugio e cibo.
Alimentazione Il Granchio favollo è onnivoro e ha una dieta molto varia, composta principalmente da molluschi, altri crostacei, piccoli pesci, echinodermi e alghe. Le sue potenti chele gli permettono di rompere le conchiglie dure delle sue prede, come i molluschi bivalvi, e di difendersi efficacemente dai predatori.
Riproduzione La riproduzione del Granchio favollo avviene generalmente in primavera e in estate. Dopo l’accoppiamento, la femmina porta le uova fecondate sotto l’addome fino alla schiusa, che avviene dopo alcune settimane. Le larve passano attraverso diversi stadi planctonici prima di metamorfosare in giovani granchi e stabilirsi sul fondale.
Importanza Economica Il Granchio favollo è apprezzato per la sua carne saporita e viene pescato per il consumo umano, soprattutto nelle regioni costiere del Mediterraneo. Tuttavia, la pesca di questa specie non è di grande importanza economica rispetto ad altri crostacei, come il Granciporro .
Minacce e Conservazione Le principali minacce per il Granchio favollo includono la perdita di habitat, l’inquinamento delle acque costiere e la pesca eccessiva. Anche se non è una specie altamente sfruttata commercialmente, la gestione sostenibile delle popolazioni locali è importante per garantire la sua sopravvivenza. La protezione degli habitat costieri e la regolamentazione della pesca sono essenziali per la conservazione di questa specie.
Ruolo Ecologico Il Granchio favollo svolge un ruolo significativo negli ecosistemi marini costieri. Come predatore, aiuta a controllare le popolazioni di altre specie bentoniche e contribuisce alla salute generale degli habitat rocciosi. Inoltre, essendo una preda per vari pesci, uccelli marini e mammiferi, è un elemento importante nella catena alimentare marina.
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