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Lo scorfano bruno - Scorpaena porcus
Skip to content Scorpaena porcus
Lo scorfano nero è molto comune sui fondali rocciosi o vicino a praterie di fanerogame. Si trova anche su fondali rocciosi ricchi di alghe e su coralligeno. Su questo substrato, il suo mimetismo lo rende spesso invisibile agli occhi dell’ignaro sub. lo scorfano è quindi capace di omocromia. Inoltre, gli individui di colore scuro si trovano a basse profondità . Nel suo habitat, questa specie è da comune a abbondante. Lo scorfano bruno vive generalmente da 5 a 20 m di profondità. Tuttavia, sono stati osservati individui in un’area compresa tra 2 e 800 m.
La dimensione dello scorfano nero varia in media dai 22 ai 25 cm e può raggiungere i 30 cm. Ha una testa massiccia con creste e spine . Sopra ogni occhio è visibile un grande lembo cutaneo , lungo circa quanto il diametro dell’occhio . La bocca è ampiamente divisa . Dei denti villiformi sono presenti su entrambe le mascelle e sul palato. Di solito di colore marrone screziato , può apparire più o meno giallastro o verdastro, a volte violaceo, rosato o addirittura rosso vivo. In alcuni casi possiamo vedere un’area chiara, che può formare una fascia sul collo. L’unica pinna dorsale ha 12-13 raggi spinosi e 9-11 raggi molli. La pinna anale ha 3 raggi spinosi e 5-6 raggi molli. La pinna caudale, arrotondata, è solitamente attraversata da tre bande scure .
Lo scorfano nero caccia alla ricerca. Si nutre principalmente di piccoli pesci (bavose, ghiozzi), crostacei e altri invertebrati.
La specie è gonocorica , cioè asessi sono separati. Le dimensioni, la durata della vita e il tasso di crescita differiscono tra i sessi. La maturità sessuale viene raggiunta intorno ai 3 anni. I maschi sono più piccoli delle femmine. La stagione riproduttiva va da giugno a settembre. Le femmine possono deporre fino a 200.000 uova , che sono raggruppate in una massa gelatinosa. Lo scorfano bruno può essere parassitato dai crostacei, come gli isopodi del genere Nerocila o Ceratothoa .
Lo Scorpaena porcus è una specie sedentaria e solitaria. Trascorre la maggior parte del suo tempo immobile, appoggiata sul fondo. Nuota pochissimo, ma se disturbata può “saltare” molto velocemente prima di fermarsi di nuovo sul fondo. Le sue squame sono ricoperte da un sottile strato mucoso che si sfalda circa ogni mese per impedire la fissazione delle alghe.
Punture velenose Gli scorfani sono noti per le punture dolorose delle loro spine velenose. Ogni spina è vuota e contiene una ghiandola velenifera neurotossica. Il tutto è ricoperto da una pelle sottile. Non c’è dotto escretore. L’apparato velenoso dello scorfano è usato solo per la difesa. La vittima stessa inietta il veleno premendo sulla spina. Gli scorfani sono sempre molto ben mimetizzati e immobili, il che li rende difficili da vedere e aumenta il numero di incidenti, che però non sono gravi. Lo scorfano si fida del suo mimetismo e talvolta rimane immobile anche avvicinandosi a pochi centimetri. Quindi si accontenta di erigere la sua pinna dorsale, mostrando la minaccia delle sue spine velenose. Anche il veleno dello scorfano è termolabile . Una fonte di calore maggiore o uguale a 50 ° C, vicino o sulla zona avvelenata, distrugge i principi attivi del veleno. Questa specie è senza dubbio la più comune tra gli scorfani del Mediterraneo. È ben noto ai subacquei perché è facile da avvicinare.
*OMOCROMIA :In biologia, il fenomeno per cui un organismo ha la stessa colorazione dell’ambiente in cui vive; per es. molti animali alpini e polari che hanno mantello o piumaggio invernale bianco.
Al mercato ed in cucina Lo scorfano ha delle carni sode eccellenti. Purtroppo anche ricche di spine. Per tale motivo gli esemplari più piccoli vengono utilizzati per preparare zuppe o sughi come ad esempio per il couscous. Gli esemplari più grandi sono ottimi al forno. Gli scorfani sono catturati con i tramagli o con i palamiti. Al mercato gli scorfani variano da 5 a 20 euro al Kg secondo le taglie.
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