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Il centrolofo viola – Schedophilus ovalis - Il giornale del mare
Skip to content Il centrolofo viola (nome scientifico: Schedophilus ovalis ) è una specie che predilige le acque profonde delle piattaforme continentali e delle isole oceaniche. Questo pesce abita in una zona che va dalla superficie fino a 250 metri di profondità, e in alcune circostanze può persino raggiungere i 700 metri. Gli esemplari più grandi sono solitamente presenti vicino al fondale, mentre i giovani frequentano le acque superficiali e sono spesso associati a dispositivi di concentrazione del pesce (FAD), oggetti galleggianti o meduse. Ciò spiega perché la maggior parte delle osservazioni da parte dei subacquei avvenga in acque libere.
Il centrolofo viola ha un corpo ovale che può raggiungere una lunghezza totale di 100 cm, anche se in media è di 70-80 cm. Il colore è grigio acciaio, più argentato sulla pancia, e spesso si osservano striature trasversali molto contrastate nei giovani, talvolta su tutta la loro altezza. L’origine della pinna dorsale si trova davanti alla pinna pettorale. La pinna dorsale è alta lungo tutta la sua lunghezza e presenta da 6 a 8 spine piuttosto robuste seguite da 30 a 32 raggi molli. La muscolatura è robusta. Il cranio è molto bombato sopra gli occhi. La bocca obliqua è abbastanza grande, si estende fino sotto l’occhio. La coda è concava e leggermente biforcuta negli adulti, mentre è arrotondata nei giovani.
Specie simili Nella sua zona di distribuzione, Il centrolofo viola può essere confuso con:
Centrolophus niger (centrolofo nero): bocca orizzontale che si estende fino all’indietro della pupilla; origine della pinna dorsale dopo l’inserzione della pinna pettorale. Il corpo è più allungato e più grande rispetto al rouffe impérial (120-150 cm). Si trova dalla Norvegia al Marocco e solo nella parte occidentale del Mediterraneo.Hyperoglyphe perciformis (iperoglife ): parte spinosa della pinna dorsale molto bassa; cranio meno bombato e dimensioni adulte da 60 a 90 cm. È una specie raramente osservata, presente dalle isole britanniche al Portogallo e nel Mediterraneo occidentale.Schedophilus medusophagus : testa molto piccola rispetto al corpo; pinna dorsale bassa lungo tutta la sua lunghezza. Più piccolo del centrolofo viola (40-50 cm), ha un corpo più allungato. Si trova più al largo, dall’Islanda al Marocco e nel Mediterraneo occidentale.Esistono altre specie nel genere Schedophilus, come S. velaini, S. pemarco , che vivono nelle acque tropicali dell’India e del Pacifico, e S. maculatus, S. huttoni, S. haedrichi, S. griseolineatus , nelle acque temperate dell’emisfero sud.
Alimentazione Si nutre di invertebrati planctonici come crostacei, policheti, cefalopodi, tunicati e persino pesci.
Riproduzione La riproduzione avviene probabilmente in primavera. La crescita dei giovani è rapida (un giovane di 10 cm raddoppia le sue dimensioni in 2 mesi).
I giovani sono generalmente associati a qualsiasi oggetto galleggiante, inclusi meduse o boe in mare aperto.
Diversità biologica È una specie piuttosto rara. Tuttavia, le osservazioni di questa specie tra il 1995 e il 2000 nel Mediterraneo sono aumentate. L’osservazione di numerosi giovani individui potrebbe essere attribuita al riscaldamento delle acque del Mediterraneo.
Informazioni aggiuntive
Si tratta di una specie commerciale apprezzata in diversi paesi per la sua carne bianca. La pesca più consistente si trova a Madera.
Origine del nome scientifico Schedophilus: dal latino [scheda] = foglia, zattera e [philus] = che ama. Si riferisce probabilmente alla frequente presenza dei giovani sotto gli oggetti galleggianti.
Ovalis: dal latino [ovalis] = ovale, a causa della forma del corpo di questo pesce.
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