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Perché le orche molestano e uccidono le focene senza mangiarle?
Skip to content Questo è un comportamento che ha incuriosito gli scienziati per decenni. Un nuovo studio pubblicato su Marine Mammal Science e condotto da Deborah Giles di Wild Orca e Sarah Teman della SeaDoc Society ha esaminato questa questione in dettaglio, analizzando oltre 60 anni di interazioni tra le orche residenti nel sud e le focene nel Mar Salish (Il Mare dei Salish è una porzione dell’Oceano Pacifico settentrionale che lambisce le coste canadesi della British Columbia e quelle statunitensi). Queste orche sono in pericolo di estinzione e dipendono strettamente dalla disponibilità del salmone Chinook , che è anch’esso una specie in via di estinzione.
Il comportamento delle orche residenti nel sud che molestano le focene è stato oggetto di tre spiegazioni plausibili nel corso dello studio:
Gioco sociale: Le orche potrebbero molestare le focene come una forma di gioco sociale. Come molte specie intelligenti, le orche possono impegnarsi in attività ludiche per creare legami, comunicare o semplicemente divertirsi. Questo comportamento potrebbe contribuire al coordinamento del gruppo e al lavoro di squadra. Pratica di caccia: Un’altra spiegazione suggerisce che molestare le focene potrebbe essere un modo per affinare le capacità di caccia delle orche al salmone. Potrebbero considerare le focene come bersagli mobili per allenarsi nelle loro tecniche di caccia, anche se non intendono consumarle. Comportamento materno: Questa teoria suggerisce che le orche potrebbero cercare di prendersi cura delle focene che percepiscono come deboli o malate , in linea con la loro naturale inclinazione ad assistere gli altri nel gruppo. Alcune orche sono state viste trasportare piccoli morti, e questa potrebbe essere una manifestazione di questa tendenza. La ricerca ha evidenziato che il comportamento delle orche residenti nel sud è trasmesso di generazione in generazione, dimostrando una forma di cultura tra di esse . Tuttavia, è improbabile che le focene facciano parte della dieta di queste orche, che sono altamente specializzate nella caccia al salmone.
In definitiva, nonostante le intuizioni interessanti, la ragione esatta dietro il comportamento di molestia delle focene potrebbe rimanere un mistero . Ciò che è chiaro è che le orche hanno bisogno di popolazioni sane di salmoni per sopravvivere, sottolineando l’importanza della conservazione del salmone nel Mar Salish e in tutto il loro habitat.
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