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La gorgonia bianca - Eunicella singularis
Skip to content Di colore bianco con rami relativamente lunghi e verticali, la gorgonia bianca (Eunicella singularis ) è un ottocorallo che vive in zone fotiche dai 10 ai 50m . Specie tipica di fondali rocciosi e sedimentari, la gorgonia bianca puo’ raggiungere i 70cm di altezza anche se è piu comune tra i 10 ed i 30cm. Il cenenchima*, cioè la parte che ricopre l’asse scheletrico, è di colore bianco.
La struttura è caratterizzata da rami relativamente lunghi, spesso paralleli. I polipi misurano dai 3 ai 5mm. Il colore è dovuto alle alghe simbiotiche.
A basse profondità fino a circa 35-40 metri, le colonie sono a forma di candelabro e di colore grigio-bianco . A profondità maggiori di circa 40 metri, le colonie hanno una morfologia più variabile, hanno rami primari più corti, più ramificazioni e un colore bianco brillante per mancanza di simbionti .
Alimentazione L’organizzazione coloniale di diverse migliaia di polipi permette al cibo catturato da pochi di sfamare l’intera comunità. La digestione delle particelle avviene solo a diretto contatto con i mesenteri del polipo e nei canali che li collegano. Al fine di ottimizzare le possibilità di catturare particelle organiche sospese (vive o morte), le gorgonie bianche crescono con l’esigenza di massimizzare la superficie esposta per intercettare il cibo e quella di minimizzare la resistenza alle forze idrodinamiche
Come molti coralli duri tropicali, anche l’ E. Singularis è a grande rischio per i cambiamenti climatici , in particolare per il conseguente riscaldamento degli oceani. Negli ultimi decenni sono stati documentati diversi eventi di morte di massa di E. singularis, che potrebbero essere dovuti all’aumento della temperatura dell’acqua per un periodo troppo lungo, ma anche ad altri fattori di stress come le malattie, che potrebbero insorgere può diffondersi più velocemente nelle popolazioni già indebolite Riproduzione Nelle gorgonie i sessi sono separati. La fecondazione avviene nella cavità gastrica delle femmine. Allo stadio di planula, la larva ha la forma di un disco appiattito da 2 a 3 mm, quindi esce dalla cavità gastrica per andare a depositarsi su un fondo favorevole.
Le larve, di colore rosa, vengono liberate tra la fine di giugno e la fine di luglio. Le larve sono trasportate dalla corrente. Dopo 1-4 settimane si stabiliscono in un luogo favorevole per creare una nuova colonia. Si stima che solo una larva su 60.000 dia origine a un individuo che supererà il primo anno! La crescita varia da 1 a 5 centimetri all’anno per raggiungere l’età adulta intorno ai 15 anni, o per i più grandi una taglia vicina a 1 metro. La longevità è poco conosciuta ma probabilmente supera i 25 anni.
BIOLOGIA Un buon numero di epibionti o opportunisti approfitta dei rami delle gorgonie bianche per aggrapparsi e beneficiare di migliori possibilità di catturare particelle nutritive su questa stazione ben posizionata. Alghe, coralli molli come l’alcyonium coralloides o ancora claveline , serpuli, salmacine o tunicati coloniali.
Alcyonium coralloides su eunicella singularis A differenza della maggior parte delle altre gorgonie, non ha paura dei sedimenti o della luce, il che spiega alcuni dei suoi biotopi.
Questa specie, come altre gorgonie, può essere preda di nudibranchi come Marionia blainvillea e anche, ma molto raramente, di Tritonia nilsodhneri .
*cenènchima : indica più specificamente la massa di mesoglea, rivestita esternamente di ectoderma, che collega i polipi della colonia.
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