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Alla scoperta delle meraviglie delle alghe laminarie - Il giornale del mare
Skip to content Le laminarie sono un gruppo di alghe brune appartenenti alla famiglia delle Laminariaceae. Sono comunemente chiamate “kelp ” e sono ampiamente distribuite lungo le coste dei mari freddi dell’Atlantico e del Pacifico. Queste alghe sono molto importanti per l’ecosistema marino, poiché forniscono un habitat per molte specie marine e sono una fonte importante di cibo per molti animali marini.
Con la bassa marea il tallo delle alghe a gambo flessibile si piega, mentre in immersione si può osservare il loro gambo eretto che può raggiungere diversi metri di altezza, queste alghe formano delle vere e proprie foreste sottomarine .
Le laminarie sono anche un’importante risorsa economica per l’uomo . Sono utilizzate come fertilizzanti, come fonte di iodio, e in alcune culture sono considerate un cibo pregiato. Inoltre, le laminarie sono spesso utilizzate per la produzione di alimenti, come la pasta di alghe nori, che è utilizzata per avvolgere il sushi.
Inoltre, le laminarie hanno dimostrato di avere proprietà medicinali . Ad esempio, l’estratto di laminaria è stato utilizzato per trattare l’obesità e alcune malattie cardiovascolari, e l’alga è anche ricca di antiossidanti e di composti anti-infiammatori che possono aiutare a prevenire molte malattie croniche.
Tuttavia, l’eccessivo sfruttamento delle risorse di laminaria può avere un impatto negativo sull’ecosistema marino. Ad esempio, la raccolta eccessiva di laminaria può causare la distruzione dell’habitat di molte specie marine e l’alterazione delle dinamiche delle comunità marine.
Nel 19° secolo, la laminaria veniva usata per indurre il parto. Poste nella cervice, le alghe si gonfiano a contatto con le secrezioni vaginali. Questo provoca la dilatazione della cervice e l’inizio delle contrazioni del travaglio. Oggi le laminarie utilizzate in ostetricia sono sintetizzate chimicamente dalle industrie farmaceutiche.
Come le alghe fucales ed altre kelp , le laminarie sembrano essere in declino almeno nelle acque europee, senza una chiara spiegazione fino ad oggi. Diversi fattori sono probabilmente responsabili di questa regressione. Potrebbero essere coinvolti pesticidi e alcuni inquinanti, nonché il riscaldamento globale, in particolare le spore. Infatti, le zoospore di queste specie sono più vulnerabili della pianta adulta, in particolare ai raggi ultravioletti che sono aumentati con il buco nell’ozono e forse a causa di altri cambiamenti nella composizione dell’atmosfera.
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