');mask-image:url('data:image/svg+xml;utf8, ');content:'';margin:0 .4rem;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;line-height:1}.breadcrumb-trail .trail-items li:last-child:after{display:none}.bloghash-breadcrumbs{font-size:1.4rem;border-width:0}#bloghash-copyright .bloghash-flex-row>div:empty{display:none}#bloghash-copyright>.bloghash-container>.bloghash-flex-row>div{width:auto;padding-top:.6rem;padding-bottom:.6rem}.bloghash-copyright-layout-1 #bloghash-copyright>.bloghash-container>.bloghash-flex-row>div{-ms-flex-preferred-size:100%;flex-basis:100%;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center}#bloghash-scroll-top{-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;position:fixed;bottom:2.5rem;right:2rem;z-index:997;width:4rem;height:4rem;opacity:0;-webkit-transform:translate3d(0,3rem,0);transform:translate3d(0,3rem,0)}#bloghash-scroll-top .bloghash-scroll-icon{overflow:hidden;z-index:2}#bloghash-scroll-top .bloghash-icon{-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;height:2rem;color:var(--bloghash-white);-webkit-transform:translateY(1.1rem);-ms-transform:translateY(1.1rem);transform:translateY(1.1rem)}#bloghash-scroll-top:before{content:'';z-index:1;border-radius:10rem;background-color:var(--bloghash-primary);-webkit-transform:scale(1);-ms-transform:scale(1);transform:scale(1);border:.1rem solid rgba(185,185,185,.4)}#bloghash-scroll-top svg{fill:var(--bloghash-white)}.bloghash-entry>:first-child{margin-top:0}.bloghash-entry p{margin-bottom:1.5rem;margin-top:1.5rem}.author-avatar img{border-radius:var(--bloghash-full-radius);width:3rem;vertical-align:middle;margin-right:.8rem;display:inline-block;outline:1px solid rgba(185,185,185,.4)}#main .content-area .entry-meta a{color:inherit}.entry-meta{font-size:1.3rem;font-weight:600;margin-top:1.2rem}.entry-meta .bloghash-icon{height:1.827rem;margin-right:.7rem;vertical-align:text-bottom}.entry-meta .entry-meta-elements>span{padding:0 1rem;line-height:1.2}.entry-meta .entry-meta-elements>span.posted-on{line-height:1.5}.entry-meta .entry-meta-elements>span,.entry-meta .entry-meta-elements>span .posted-by{-js-display:inline-flex;display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center}.entry-meta .entry-meta-elements>span:first-child{padding-left:0}.entry-meta .entry-meta-elements>span:last-child{margin-right:0;padding-right:0}.entry-meta .entry-meta-elements>span:before{content:'';position:relative;left:-1.1rem;width:4px;height:4px;border-radius:100%;background-color:var(--bloghash-primary)}.entry-meta .entry-meta-elements>span:first-child:before{display:none}.entry-media{margin-bottom:2.5rem}.entry-media img{margin:0 auto;display:block}.single-post .entry-content{margin-top:4rem}.single-post .entry-media{margin-bottom:4rem}.single .post-category{margin-bottom:.3rem;font-size:1.4rem}.single .post-category a{-js-display:inline-flex;display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;margin:0 .4rem .8rem}.single .entry-header{text-align:start;margin-bottom:1rem}.single .entry-meta{text-align:start;margin-top:1.6rem}.single .entry-content{margin-bottom:5rem}.single .post-nav img{border-radius:var(--bloghash-normal-radius)}.single .post-nav .nav-previous .nav-content img{margin-right:2rem}.single .post-nav .nav-next .nav-content img{margin-left:2rem}.single.bloghash-page-title-align-left .bloghash-article>.entry-header,.single.bloghash-page-title-align-left .bloghash-article>.post-category{text-align:start}.single.bloghash-page-title-align-left .bloghash-article>.entry-meta>.entry-meta-elements{-webkit-box-pack:start;-ms-flex-pack:start;justify-content:flex-start}.author-box .author-box-avatar{min-width:0;min-height:0}.author-box .author-box-avatar{-ms-flex-item-align:start;align-self:flex-start;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;margin-right:2.5rem}.author-box .author-box-avatar img{display:block;border-radius:50%}#cancel-comment-reply-link{font-size:1.3rem;border-radius:var(--bloghash-normal-radius);border:.2rem solid currentColor;font-weight:500;padding:.4rem .7rem;line-height:1;text-decoration:none;text-transform:capitalize;margin-left:1.4rem;color:inherit}.comment-form>p{-ms-flex-preferred-size:100%;flex-basis:100%;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.8em}.comment-form textarea{height:19.2rem}button.bloghash-animate-arrow{-webkit-appearance:none;border:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;background:0 0;outline:none}.bloghash-animate-arrow .arrow-bar{-webkit-transform:scaleX(0);-ms-transform:scaleX(0);transform:scaleX(0)}.bloghash-animate-arrow svg{vertical-align:middle}.bloghash-animate-arrow.right-arrow svg{-webkit-transform:rotate(180deg);-ms-transform:rotate(180deg);transform:rotate(180deg)}.bloghash-animate-arrow.right-arrow .arrow-bar{-webkit-transform-origin:100% 0;-ms-transform-origin:100% 0;transform-origin:100% 0}.bloghash-animate-arrow.right-arrow .arrow-handle{-webkit-transform:translateX(.6rem);-ms-transform:translateX(.6rem);transform:translateX(.6rem)}.bloghash-hamburger{padding:0;display:inline-block;font:inherit;color:inherit;text-transform:none;background-color:transparent;border:0;margin:0;overflow:visible}.hamburger-box{width:2.5rem;height:1.4rem;display:inline-block;position:relative}.hamburger-inner{display:block;top:50%;margin-top:-.1rem}.hamburger-inner,.hamburger-inner:before,.hamburger-inner:after{width:2.8rem;height:2px;background-color:#111827;border-radius:var(--bloghash-normal-radius);position:absolute}.hamburger-inner:before,.hamburger-inner:after{content:"";display:block}.hamburger-inner:before{top:-5px}.hamburger-inner:after{bottom:-5px}.bloghash-is-mobile #bloghash-header-inner .bloghash-nav>ul>li>a{color:inherit!important}.bloghash-mobile-nav{order:1;display:none;margin-left:2.4rem}.bloghash-hamburger,.bloghash-mobile-nav{-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center}body:not(.is-mobile-menu-active) .bloghash-hamburger .hamburger-box .hamburger-inner:before{width:1.5rem}.bloghash-hamburger{-js-display:inline-flex;display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;border-radius:var(--bloghash-normal-radius)}.bloghash-hamburger .hamburger-inner,.bloghash-hamburger .hamburger-inner:before,.bloghash-hamburger .hamburger-inner:after{background-color:currentColor}#bloghash-header:after{content:'';position:fixed;top:100%;left:0;right:0;height:100vh;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,.85);z-index:991;opacity:0;visibility:hidden;will-change:opacity,visibility;-webkit-transform:translate3d(0,0,0);transform:translate3d(0,0,0)}@media only screen and (min-width:782px){.site .bloghash-flex-row .col-md{-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;-ms-flex-negative:1;flex-shrink:1;max-width:100%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:0;flex-basis:0}.site .bloghash-flex-row .col-md.flex-basis-auto{-ms-flex-preferred-size:auto;flex-basis:auto}.site .bloghash-flex-row .end-md{-webkit-box-pack:end;-ms-flex-pack:end;justify-content:flex-end;text-align:end;margin-left:auto}}@media only screen and (max-width:868px){.bloghash-hide-mobile-tablet{display:none!important}.bloghash-container{padding:0 3rem}.bloghash-header-widgets .bloghash-header-widget,.bloghash-header-widgets .bloghash-header-widget.bloghash-header-widget__button{padding-left:1rem;padding-right:1rem}.bloghash-header-widgets .bloghash-header-widget:not(.bloghash-header-widget__button,.bloghash-header-widget__socials) .bloghash-icon{font-size:2.4rem}.bloghash-mobile-nav{margin-left:1.6rem}}@media only screen and (max-width:599px){#bloghash-header-inner .bloghash-widget-wrapper,.bloghash-header-element,.bloghash-header-widgets .bloghash-header-widget{position:static}.bloghash-header-widgets .dropdown-item:after{display:none}.author-avatar img{display:none}.author-box .author-box-avatar{display:none}}@media only screen and (max-width:480px){#page{min-height:-webkit-fill-available}}@media only screen and (max-width:960px){#main>.bloghash-container{display:block}#primary{max-width:100%!important;padding-left:0!important;padding-right:0!important;margin-top:4rem}.single .post-nav img{display:none}}@media all and (-ms-high-contrast:none),(-ms-high-contrast:active){.bloghash-btn{height:1rem}#main>.bloghash-container #primary{-ms-flex-preferred-size:0%;flex-basis:0%}}.bloghash-btn{background-color:var(--bloghash-primary)}.content-area a:not(.bloghash-btn,.wp-block-button__link,.page-numbers,[class^=cat-],[rel=tag]),.bloghash-social-nav>ul>li>a .bloghash-icon.bottom-icon{color:var(--bloghash-primary)}#masthead .bloghash-header-widgets .dropdown-item:after,.bloghash-nav>ul .sub-menu:after{border-bottom-color:var(--bloghash-primary);outline:none!important}.bloghash-header-widgets .dropdown-item,.bloghash-nav .sub-menu{border-top-color:var(--bloghash-primary)}::-webkit-selection{background-color:var(--bloghash-primary);color:var(--bloghash-white)}::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{background:rgba(0,0,0,.2)}::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover{background:rgba(0,0,0,.4)}.mr-1{margin-right:.4rem}a.bloghash-btn i{font-size:105%;vertical-align:baseline}a.bloghash-btn i:before{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle}a.bloghash-btn span{vertical-align:baseline;line-height:normal}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){*{animation-duration:0s!important}}.bloghash-cursor{visibility:hidden;position:fixed;z-index:10000;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center;top:0;left:0}.bloghash-cursor .bloghash-cursor-wrapper{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center}.bloghash-cursor .bloghash-cursor--follower{position:absolute;background-color:var(--bloghash-primary);opacity:.35;border-radius:100%;width:2.4rem;height:2.4rem}.bloghash-cursor .bloghash-cursor--label{position:absolute;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center;color:var(--bloghash-white);letter-spacing:.08em;transform:scale(0);will-change:transform,opacity}.bloghash-cursor .bloghash-cursor--icon{position:absolute;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center;color:var(--bloghash-white);transform:scale(0);will-change:transform,opacity;color:rgba(255,255,255,.76)}.bloghash-cursor .bloghash-cursor--icon:before{content:"\f061";font-family:var(--bloghash-font-awesome);font-size:2.4rem}.bloghash-glassmorphism{position:fixed;right:0;left:0;bottom:0;display:flex;overflow:hidden;z-index:-1}.bloghash-glassmorphism .block{width:28.8rem;height:28.8rem;filter:blur(64px);mix-blend-mode:multiply;border-radius:999px;display:block;opacity:.1}.bloghash-glassmorphism .block.one{margin-top:5rem;background-color:rgba(239,35,60)}.bloghash-glassmorphism .block.two{margin-top:16rem;margin-left:-8rem;background-color:rgba(4,134,139)}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.bloghash-glassmorphism{top:4rem}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.bloghash-glassmorphism .block{width:38.4rem;height:38.4rem}}@media only screen and (min-width:1280px){.bloghash-glassmorphism{top:8rem}}.post-category .cat-links a.cat-31{--bloghash-primary:#1e73ff;--bloghash-primary_80:#d2e3ff}:root{--bloghash-primary:#1075bc;--bloghash-primary_80:#d0e4f2;--bloghash-primary_15:#348ac7;--bloghash-primary_27:rgba(16,117,188,.27);--bloghash-primary_10:rgba(16,117,188,.1)}#bloghash-header-inner{background:#fff}.bloghash-logo .site-description{color:#66717f}#bloghash-header,.bloghash-header-widgets a:not(.bloghash-btn),.bloghash-logo a,.bloghash-hamburger{color:#131315}.bloghash-header-widget:after{background-color:#ccc}@media screen and (max-width:960px){#bloghash-header-inner .bloghash-nav{display:none;color:#000}.bloghash-mobile-toggen,.bloghash-mobile-nav{display:inline-flex}#bloghash-header-inner{position:relative}#bloghash-header-inner .bloghash-nav>ul>li>a{color:inherit}#bloghash-header-inner .bloghash-nav-container{position:static;border:none}#bloghash-header-inner .site-navigation{display:none;position:absolute;top:100%;width:100%;height:100%;min-height:100vh;left:0;right:0;margin:-1px 0 0;background:#fff;border-top:1px solid #eaeaea;box-shadow:0 15px 25px -10px rgba(50,52,54,.125);z-index:999;font-size:1.7rem;padding:0}#bloghash-header-inner .site-navigation>ul{overflow-y:auto;max-height:68vh;display:block}#bloghash-header-inner .site-navigation>ul>li>a{padding:0!important}#bloghash-header-inner .site-navigation>ul li{display:block;width:100%;padding:0;margin:0;margin-left:0!important}#bloghash-header-inner .site-navigation>ul .sub-menu{position:static;display:none;border:none;box-shadow:none;border:0;opacity:1;visibility:visible;font-size:1.7rem;transform:none;background:#f8f8f8;min-width:initial;left:0;padding:0;margin:0;border-radius:0;line-height:inherit}#bloghash-header-inner .site-navigation>ul .sub-menu>li>a>span{padding-left:50px!important}#bloghash-header-inner .site-navigation>ul .sub-menu .sub-menu>li>a>span{padding-left:70px!important}#bloghash-header-inner .site-navigation>ul .sub-menu a>span{padding:10px 30px 10px 50px}#bloghash-header-inner .site-navigation>ul a{padding:0;position:relative;background:0 0}#bloghash-header-inner .site-navigation>ul li{border-bottom:1px solid #eaeaea}#bloghash-header-inner .site-navigation>ul>li:last-child{border-bottom:0}#bloghash-header-inner .site-navigation>ul a>span{padding:10px 30px!important;width:100%;display:block}#bloghash-header-inner .site-navigation>ul a>span:after,#bloghash-header-inner .site-navigation>ul a>span:before{display:none!important}#bloghash-header-inner .site-navigation>ul .menu-item-has-children>a{display:inline-flex;width:100%;max-width:calc(100% - 50px)}#bloghash-header-inner .bloghash-nav .menu-item-has-children>a>span{border-right:1px solid rgba(185,185,185,.4)}#bloghash-header-inner .bloghash-nav .menu-item-has-children>a>.bloghash-icon{transform:none;width:50px;margin:0;position:absolute;right:0;height:1em;display:none}.bloghash-mobile-toggen{width:50px;height:1em;background:0 0;border:none}.bloghash-mobile-toggen .bloghash-icon{transform:none;width:50px;margin:0;position:absolute;right:0;height:1em}.bloghash-header-layout-3 .bloghash-logo-container>.bloghash-container{flex-wrap:wrap}.bloghash-header-layout-3 .bloghash-logo-container .bloghash-logo>.logo-inner{align-items:flex-start}.bloghash-header-layout-3 .bloghash-logo-container .bloghash-logo{order:0;align-items:flex-start;flex-basis:auto;margin-left:0}.bloghash-header-layout-3 .bloghash-logo-container .bloghash-header-element{flex-basis:auto}.bloghash-header-layout-3 .bloghash-logo-container .bloghash-mobile-nav{order:5}}.bloghash-header-layout-3 .bloghash-nav-container{background:#f1f6ff}.bloghash-header-layout-3 .bloghash-nav-container{border-color:rgba(185,185,185,.4);border-style:solid}.bloghash-nav.bloghash-header-element{font-weight:600;font-family:"Inter Tight",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:1.7rem;line-height:1.5}body:not(.bloghash-no-sidebar) #primary{max-width:70%}body{color:#002050}h1,a,.entry-meta,.bloghash-logo .site-title{color:#041139}:root{--bloghash-secondary:#041139}.bloghash-container{max-width:1480px}.bloghash-logo img{max-height:640px}@media only screen and (max-width:768px){.bloghash-logo .logo-inner{margin-top:25px;margin-right:1px;margin-bottom:25px}}.bloghash-breadcrumbs{padding-top:15px;padding-bottom:15px}.bloghash-breadcrumbs{background:#f1f6ff}.bloghash-breadcrumbs{border-color:rgba(185,185,185,.4);border-style:solid;border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:1px}html{font-size:62.5%}@media only screen and (max-width:768px){html{font-size:53%}}@media only screen and (max-width:480px){html{font-size:50%}}*{-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-weight:400;font-family:Poppins,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:1.7rem;line-height:1.75}h1,.bloghash-logo .site-title{font-weight:700;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;text-decoration:none;font-family:"Be Vietnam Pro",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}h1,.bloghash-logo .site-title{font-weight:700;font-size:4rem;line-height:1.4}#bloghash-header .bloghash-logo .site-title{font-size:3rem}.single-post .entry-content{font-size:1.6rem}.bloghash-btn{color:#fff;border-color:;border-width:.1rem;border-top-left-radius:0;border-top-right-radius:0;border-bottom-right-radius:0;border-bottom-left-radius:0}.bloghash-btn{font-weight:500;font-family:"Be Vietnam Pro",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:1.8rem}
Perché gli uccelli inseguono le barche da pesca? - Il giornale del mare
Skip to content Le barche da pesca attirano numerosi uccelli marini , un comportamento che ha affascinato pescatori e biologi marini per decenni. Questo fenomeno è una combinazione di fattori ecologici, comportamentali e opportunistici. Analizziamo in dettaglio le specie coinvolte, le motivazioni dietro questo comportamento e l’impatto sulle dinamiche marine.
Le specie coinvolte Gli uccelli marini che seguono le barche da pesca appartengono a diverse famiglie. Tra le più comuni troviamo:
Gabbiani (Laridae): noti per la loro capacità di adattamento e la dieta opportunistica, i gabbiani sono tra i primi a radunarsi attorno alle imbarcazioni.Procellarie (Procellariidae): specie come la berta maggiore (Calonectris diomedea ) e la berta minore (Puffinus puffinus ) sfruttano scarti e pesci rigettati.Albatros (Diomedeidae): presenti in aree oceaniche più remote, seguono le navi per chilometri.Sule (Sulidae): abili pescatrici che si immergono per catturare pesci, approfittano della pesca commerciale.Cormorani (Phalacrocoracidae): predatori subacquei che a volte si associano alle attività umane.Ogni specie presenta adattamenti specifici che le permettono di sfruttare le risorse offerte dalle barche.
I motivi del comportamento Accesso facilitato al cibo Le barche da pesca producono una grande quantità di scarti , tra cui pesci non commercializzabili, viscere e altre parti non utilizzate. Questi scarti rappresentano una fonte di cibo facile e abbondante per gli uccelli marini.Pesci disturbati dalle reti Durante le operazioni di pesca, le reti disturbano i banchi di pesci, portandoli in superficie. Questo comportamento facilita la caccia per gli uccelli, che possono catturare i pesci disorientati o in fuga.Associazione con il successo Gli uccelli imparano rapidamente a riconoscere le barche da pesca come una fonte sicura di cibo. Questo apprendimento è sia individuale che sociale: gli individui che traggono vantaggio da queste situazioni attirano altri uccelli.Competizione ridotta In mare aperto, le risorse possono essere scarse. Le barche da pesca creano una concentrazione artificiale di cibo, riducendo la necessità di lunghe ricerche e favorendo la sopravvivenza.Dati sull’interazione Proporzione di scarti: In alcune aree, fino al 30-40% del pescato viene rigettato in mare . Questo rappresenta una risorsa significativa per gli uccelli marini.Distanza percorsa dagli uccelli: Alcuni studi hanno dimostrato che gli albatros possono seguire le barche per oltre 100 km, grazie alla loro capacità di planare a lungo raggio.Impatto sulla dieta: Le analisi del contenuto gastrico degli uccelli mostrano che fino al 70% della loro dieta può provenire dagli scarti della pesca.Implicazioni ecologiche Alterazioni comportamentali La dipendenza dagli scarti delle barche può alterare i comportamenti naturali di caccia, rendendo gli uccelli meno inclini a cercare cibo autonomamente.Conflitti con i pescatori Gli uccelli possono danneggiare le reti o rubare parte del pescato, creando attriti con l’industria della pesca. In alcune regioni, ciò ha portato all’adozione di misure per scoraggiare la presenza degli uccelli.Impatto sulla popolazione L’accesso agli scarti ha un duplice effetto: può aumentare la sopravvivenza in condizioni difficili, ma anche favorire la crescita di popolazioni oltre i limiti naturali.Regolamentazioni e soluzioni Per mitigare gli effetti negativi di queste interazioni, molte nazioni hanno implementato regolamenti specifici:
Gestione degli scarti: Alcune flotte devono trattare o eliminare gli scarti in modo da ridurre l’attrazione per gli uccelli.Dispositivi deterrenti: Sistemi come cavi con nastri riflettenti o sonori sono usati per allontanare gli uccelli dalle navi.Educazione dei pescatori: Promuovere pratiche sostenibili che minimizzino il conflitto tra uccelli e pescatori.Il comportamento degli uccelli che seguono le barche da pesca è un esempio affascinante di come le attività umane influenzino gli ecosistemi marini. Sebbene offra vantaggi per molte specie, pone anche sfide significative dal punto di vista ecologico e gestionale. Comprendere queste dinamiche è essenziale per sviluppare strategie che bilancino le esigenze dell’industria della pesca e la conservazione della fauna marina.
Scroll to Top