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Studio: 3.760 tonnellate di plastica ricoprono il Mar Mediterraneo
Skip to content Circa 3.760 tonnellate di plastica galleggiano attualmente sulla superficie del Mar Mediterraneo , una “quantità scioccante”, secondo gli scienziati del Centro ellenico per la ricerca marina (HCMR) in Grecia, i risultati presentati sulla rivista scientifica “Frontiers in Marine Science ” .
I ricercatori osservano che oltre alla plastica galleggiante, che include borse della spesa, bottiglie d’acqua, polistirene espanso e microparticelle, hanno trovato una quantità significativa di materiale plastico sul fondo del mare .
Secondo il team guidato da Kostas Tsiaras dell’HCMR , il Mar Mediterraneo è un punto caldo dell’inquinamento da plastica perché molti tratti di costa sono densamente popolati.
A questo si aggiungono fattori come il turismo , la pesca e la navigazione , ma anche la composizione geografica influisce, perché lo scambio d’acqua tra il Mar Mediterraneo e l’Atlantico è relativamente basso.
Un nuovo modello di calcolo ha stabilito che ogni anno nel Mediterraneo finiscono circa 17.600 tonnellate di plastica . Di tale importo, 3.760 tonnellate stanno attualmente galleggiando in superficie. Nel frattempo, circa 2.800 tonnellate (16 percento) affondano parzialmente sul fondo del mare, mentre il resto (84 percento) viene lavato sulle spiagge.
Gli scienziati stimano che ci siano più di 250.000 tonnellate di rifiuti di plastica che galleggiano negli oceani del mondo.
“I metodi di simulazione di come la plastica viene distribuita nell’oceano sono attualmente caratterizzati da un alto grado di imprecisione”, ha spiegato Tsiaras . Ciò è dovuto principalmente alla complessità dei processi.
Mentre i sacchetti di plastica, ad esempio, galleggiano a lungo sulla superficie, altri rifiuti di plastica affondano rapidamente. Alcuni vengono assorbiti dagli organismi marini o si disintegrano in piccoli pezzi . Inoltre, il vento, le onde e le correnti spingono la plastica a lunghe distanze.
Tenendo conto di tutti questi fattori, i ricercatori del centro ellenico sono stati in grado di identificare le regioni in cui una quantità particolarmente elevata di plastica finisce in mare.
Tsiaras sottolinea che il nuovo modello di calcolo potrebbe aiutare ad esaminare l’utilità delle misure messe in atto per contenere l’inquinamento e comunque sviluppare e applicare misure più specifiche .
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