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Salmoni Chinook: nuove scoperte sulle strategie di sopravvivenza durante la migrazione - Il giornale del mare
Skip to content Home Biologia marina Salmoni Chinook: nuove scoperte sulle strategie di sopravvivenza durante la migrazione Un recente studio dell’Università del Colorado a Boulder ha svelato le strategie di sopravvivenza adottate dai giovani salmoni Chinook durante la migrazione verso l’oceano, offrendo nuove prospettive per la conservazione di questa specie minacciata.
Ogni primavera e autunno, migliaia di giovani salmoni affrontano un viaggio di 560 km lungo il fiume San Joaquin in California, nuotando giorno e notte e schivando predatori per raggiungere l’Oceano Pacifico. Tuttavia, meno del 5% sopravvive a questo percorso , e in alcuni anni quasi nessuno riesce nell’impresa. Fattori come temperature elevate dell’acqua, dighe e scarsa qualità dell’acqua rappresentano minacce significative, ma la maggior parte delle morti è attribuita a predatori introdotti dall’uomo, tra cui il branzino striato e il persico trota.
I ricercatori hanno monitorato 424 giovani salmoni Chinook, 23 striped bass striati e 17 persici trota , utilizzando tracciatori e rilevatori lungo le rive del fiume per due mesi. Hanno scoperto che i salmoni migrano principalmente durante la notte, nuotando al centro del fiume dove le correnti sono più forti, permettendo loro di risparmiare energia. Durante il giorno, per evitare i predatori che si concentrano al centro del fiume, i salmoni si spostano vicino alle rive, nonostante ciò richieda un consumo energetico doppio per coprire la stessa distanza.
Inoltre, gli attacchi dei predatori aumentano all’alba e al tramonto, probabilmente perché i branzini striati, con occhi più grandi, vedono meglio in condizioni di scarsa illuminazione rispetto ai giovani salmoni.
Questi risultati potrebbero guidare nuove strategie di conservazione, come la riduzione dell’inquinamento luminoso notturno nelle città vicine al fiume e ai suoi estuari, per aumentare le possibilità di sopravvivenza dei salmoni durante la migrazione.
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