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Quando le oloturie pensano di essere spiderman
Skip to content I meccanismi che consentono al tranquillo cetriolo di mare di sparare la sua arma mortale sono stati studiati da scienziati cinesi.
Il cetriolo di mare nasconde un’arma temibile. Quando minacciato, l’animale non esita a liberarsi di una parte della sua anatomia interna! Dai suoi intestini fuoriesce, attraverso l’ano, un groviglio di fibre appiccicose che intrappolano l’aggressore come in una tela di ragno . Se questi organi singolari erano conosciuti da molto tempo, almeno dal momento in cui il naturalista Georges Cuvier li descrisse nel 1831, i “tubi di Cuvier ” non avevano mai ricevuto un’analisi più approfondita. Ora questo è stato fatto con la pubblicazione di uno studio condotto da un team cinese sulla rivista PNAS.
Ting Chen, Chaoqun Hu e i loro colleghi si sono immersi nel genoma dell’animale per capire meglio il funzionamento del sistema di difesa. Per questo, hanno scelto come materiale di studio l’Holothuria leucospilota . Questa specie appartiene all’unica famiglia di cetrioli di mare, gli Holothuriidae, dotati di questa capacità. Hanno anche utilizzato la microscopia elettronica per identificare le proteine fibrose costituenti dei tubi di Cuvier.
Capaci di avvolgere e aderire saldamente ad un predatore, queste fibre si sono rivelate costituite da lunghe catene proteiche simili a quelle delle sete dei ragni. Ma in modo intrigante, gli autori rilevano la presenza anche nella struttura di una proteina specifica di questo animale, che si assembla sotto forma di placche amiloidi simili a quelle di alcune malattie neurodegenerative. Quindi, strutture solide e tenaci, disposte in modo tale da essere anche adesive. Tanto che i Polinesiani avevano tradizionalmente l’abitudine di avvolgerle intorno ai loro piedi per camminare sui coralli.
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