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Perioftalmo: il pesce che “cammina”
Skip to content È tra i più particolari residenti dei mangrovieti. Il perioftalmo passa quasi tutto il tempo fuori dall’acqua, nella fanghiglia prossima ai mangrovieti alla ricerca di piccoli crostacei di cui si nutre: questo pesce, riesce respirare ossigeno dall’aria umida attraverso una mucosa sulla bocca che gli consente di rimanere per lunghi periodi fuori dall’acqua. I grandi occhi sporgenti sono perfettamente adattati per vedere in entrambe le condizioni. Questo pesce raggiunge i 15 cm di lunghezza. Nonostante le apparenze, il perioftalmo non rappresenta l’anello di congiunzione tra pesci e anfibi: infatti i perioftalmi sono a tutti gli effetti dei pesci, che pero’ hanno “imparato” a respirare fuori dall’acqua dalla mucosa della bocca.
Un pesce, non un anfibio Va subito chiarito che solo il suo comportamento è di tipo anfibio , nel senso che appare adattato per muoversi, vedere e… respirare in entrambe gli ambienti, sia sott’acqua sia sopra, ma non è un anfibio in senso stretto. Infatti, quando sta all’aria aperta, trae l’ossigeno che gli serve dall’umidità presente nell’ambiente attraverso la mucosa della bocca (o anche dall’acqua che riesce a trattenere al livello degli opercoli branchiali) e non con l’organo impiegato dagli anfibi veri e propri, che è un’evoluzione della vescica natatoria .
Quindi il perioftalmo resta a tutti gli effetti un pesce. Anche se bisogna riconoscere che vederlo saltellare sulla fanghiglia dell’area intertidale – la fascia ritmicamente scoperta e riallagata dalla marea, specialmente nei mangrovieti salmastri di regioni orientali, dove pure si arrampica – trascorrendo quasi tutto il suo tempo fuori dall’acqua fa un certo effetto.
Così come crea un certo stupore notare che le pinne pettorali terminano di fatto a forma di zampette e che quegli occhietti così in alto gli sono preziosi per scrutare di continuo il mondo di fuori piuttosto che sott’acqua (donde il nome, che significa letteralmente “occhio di sopra”…un po’ come il “periscopio” dei sottomarini…). Il perioftalmo , che appartiene ai gobidi, arriva a misurare circa 15 cm e si nutre dei piccoli invertebrati e anellidi che affollano la fascia tra le maree. Ma chi pensasse che comportamenti simili siano propri solo di specie esotiche, sarebbe tratto in errore: lo sapevate che, nel loro piccolo, qualcosa del genere lo fanno anche le bavose (blennidi) qui da noi? Andate nelle notti di luna sulle scogliere vicino all’acqua, ispezionando le zone umide intorno alle pozze di marea… e non meravigliatevi se potrete tranquillamente accarezzare qualcuno di questi pescetti mentre se ne sta come addormentato a godersi la nottata all’aria aperta. O al massimo a fare due passi… sulle pinne pettorali.
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