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Islanda: quando i globicefali molestano le orche - Il giornale del mare
Skip to content Per diversi anni, un team di biologi marini ha assistito a un conflitto che coinvolge un gruppo di orche e globicefali nel sud dell’Islanda. I ricercatori hanno cercato di spiegare come e perché i globicefali molestino le orche sino a farle fuggire.
Tutto è iniziato nel 2015. Un giorno, il lavoro della biologa Filipa Samarra e del suo team del progetto Icelandic Orca , incentrato su un pod di orche nelle acque dell’Islanda meridionale, è stato interrotto dall’arrivo di un gruppo di globicefali. Inizialmente molto rumorosi, le orche rimasero poi in silenzio, prima di fuggire dall’area mentre i fischi acuti dei globicefali si facevano sempre più forti.
Da questo evento nel 2015, Samarra e il suo team hanno osservato circa 20 altri incontri simili nelle acque islandesi. A volte le orche se ne vanno addirittura prima che arrivino i globicefali.
Una reazione che ha messo in confusione gli scienziati. Come mai un predatore come l’orca può farsi intimidire da un gruppo di globicefali ?
Le orche fanno paura Sono tanti gli animali che hanno paura delle orche, ad esempio gli zifii. Questi cetacei infatti sono noti per le loro immersioni profonde, alcuni esemplari sono in grado di cacciare le loro prede a più di 3000 metri sotto la superficie dell’oceano . Sembra che gli zifii, per paura delle orche, caccino in solitaria solamente raggiunta la quota di 450m. Durante la risalita si riuniscono proprio per evitare gli attacchi delle orche a singoli esemplari.
Stessa cosa per lo squalo bianco. Uno dei predatori più temuti degli oceani ha paura delle orche . Nell’ambito di uno studio condotto qualche tempo fa da un’equipe del Monterey Bay Aquarium, al largo di San Francisco (Isole Farallon), i ricercatori avevano infatti sottolineato che il semplice passaggio delle orche era sufficiente per spaventare i grandi squali bianchi che poi abbandonarono il loro zona di caccia.
Come mai quindi le orche hanno paura dei globicefali ? I ricercatori hanno avanzato due possibili spiegazioni. Il primo ha suggerito che le orche ei globicefali potrebbero competere per la preda . Tuttavia, le orche islandesi consumano principalmente aringhe, mentre i globicefali nella regione preferiscono predare i calamari. La seconda è che potrebbe trattarsi di un comportamento anti-predatore.
Per comprendere meglio le ragioni di queste interazioni, i biologi stanno conducendo diversi esperimenti acustici. La ricerca condotta in Norvegia ha già dimostrato che quando gli scienziati diffondono i suoni delle orche ai globicefali, questi ultimi non esitano a nuotare direttamente verso la fonte del suono. Più di recente, i ricercatori hanno diffuso invece i suoni dei globicefali ad un gruppo di orche che hanno avuto paura e si sono subito allontanate dalla fonte audio.
Immagine di copertina : https://news.curtin.edu.au/
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