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In 50 anni abbiamo perso il 70% degli squali. - Il giornale del mare
Skip to content I ricercatori della Simon Fraser University of Canada hanno dimostrato come la popolazione di elasmobranchi sia diminuita del 71%. Secondo uno studio pubblicato mercoledì, la pesca eccessiva ha ridotto del 71% le popolazioni di alcuni squali e razze nell’ultimo mezzo secolo, lasciando un “buco aperto e crescente” nella vita oceanica. Il declino di alcune specie, come lo squalo martello o la manta, è notevole. Tra i più colpiti c’è lo squalo longimano, che è sull’orlo dell’estinzione.
Ricercato dai pescatori per le sue pinne , è anche vittima di tecniche di pesca non selettive. La popolazione di longimano è diminuita del 98% in 60 anni . “È un declino peggiore di quello della maggior parte dei grandi mammiferi terrestri, molto simile a quello della balenottera azzurra”, ha detto il professor Nick Dulvy, del Dipartimento di scienze biologiche della canadese Simon University.
Uno squalo martello catturato con le reti nel Golfo della California.
Foto Mark Conlin/VW PICS/UIG via Getty Image
Il suo team ha raccolto e analizzato i dati consentendo loro di elaborare lo stato di 31 specie di squali e razze. Concludono che tre quarti delle specie studiate sono minacciate di estinzione. “Stiamo assistendo ad un forte calo e un rischio di estinzione in rapido aumento dei grandi predatori negli habitat più grandi e remoti del pianeta, che spesso si ritiene siano protetti dall’influenza umana”.
Lo studio sottolinea come la pesca eccessiva e la scarsa protezione di questi animali sia alla base del loro declino. I ricercatori osservano che il declino delle specie non è sempre irreversibile se vengono intrapresi sforzi di conservazione.
“Le misure protettive possono prevenire un crollo delle popolazioni. E sappiamo che funziona ”, ha detto, prendendo l’esempio del ritorno del grande squalo bianco nelle acque americane dopo l’applicazione delle regole di protezione.
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