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Il dotto – Epinephelus costae - Il giornale del mare
Skip to content Il dotto , prossimo cugino delle cernie, vive in zone rocciose sino a 200m di profondità . Oggetto di pesca intensiva per tutto il XX secolo oggi il dotto è sempre più raro e vulnerabile .
il genere Epinephelus comprende circa 87 specie . Sono predatori territoriali con corpi allungati e robusti. La testa è imponente e la mascella ha dei denti canini sulla parte anteriore. La bocca è protrattile. Tutte le specie hanno 10 o 11 spine dorsali.
La maggior parte degli Epinephelus sono riconosciuti come ermafroditi proterogini, cioè che nascono femmine e diventano maschi durante la crescita. Tuttavia, è possibile che non tutte le femmine cambino sesso e che alcuni maschi non attraversino questa fase.
Le specie di Epinephelus sono tra i pesci più catturati al mondo, in particolare le specie tropicali. Sono inoltre tra le specie più costose in commercio e molte di esse sono oggetto di allevamenti ittici ( E. coiodes ed E. malabaricus ).
Oggi, la pesca eccessiva e l’inquinamento hanno portato al drastico calo delle popolazioni di molte cernie e diverse specie sono in pericolo di estinzione secondo l’IUCN.
TAGLIA MEDIA 80 cm
TAGLIA MASSIMA 140 cm
LONGEVITÀ 30 anni
Il dotto misura generalmente circa un metro in età adulta . Ha 11 spine dorsali. La testa e il corpo sono di colore da brunastro a grigiastro. Gli adulti hanno una macchia gialla distinta sotto la pinna dorsale. Le pinne sono più scure.
Sul muso sono presenti due sottili linee nere, una che parte dal bordo inferiore dell’occhio, la seconda è visibile appena sopra la mascella superiore. Il corpo è ricoperto da strisce orizzontali marrone scuro. Le squame laterali del corpo sono ctenoidi, rendendo la pelle ruvida.
Il dotto è meno tozzo della cernia bruna da cui si differenzia per la colorazione.
Il dotto è un predatore specializzato nella caccia di crostacei, molluschi e pesci . I maschi adulti sono molto territoriali, oscillanti tra rocce, arenili e aree miste, non tollerano alcuna intrusione intraspecifica nel loro territorio.
I giovani vivono in piccoli gruppi in acque poco profonde, a volte vicino a praterie di alghe e aree miste.
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