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Ghiozzo boccarossa – Gobius cruentatus - Il giornale del mare
Skip to content Il ghiozzo boccarossa, scientificamente noto come Gobius cruentatus , è un pesce appartenente alla famiglia dei Gobiidae. Questo piccolo pesce presenta un corpo allungato e compresso lateralmente, con una lunghezza che può variare tra 10 e 18 cm. La colorazione del corpo è generalmente marrone scuro o grigiastra con macchie e strisce scure distribuite irregolarmente. Una caratteristica distintiva di questa specie è la presenza di una macchia rossa sui bordi delle labbra e intorno alla bocca, da cui deriva il nome comune “boccarossa”. Le pinne dorsali sono separate, con la prima pinna dorsale che presenta raggi spinosi e la seconda pinna dorsale che è più lunga e morbida.
Distribuzione e Habitat Gobius cruentatus è diffuso nel Mar Mediterraneo e nelle acque costiere dell’Atlantico nord-orientale, dalla Spagna fino alla Norvegia meridionale. Questa specie predilige habitat costieri rocciosi, zone sabbiose con presenza di ciottoli e letti di Posidonia oceanica. È spesso trovato in acque poco profonde, da 1 a 40 metri di profondità, ma può vivere anche a profondità maggiori, fino a circa 70 metri.
Comportamento e Alimentazione Il ghiozzo boccarossa è un pesce bentonico e territoriale, che si nutre principalmente di piccoli invertebrati bentonici come crostacei, molluschi e policheti. Utilizza la sua abilità di mimetizzarsi con il substrato per avvicinarsi furtivamente alle prede. Questo pesce è solitamente solitario e passa gran parte del tempo nascosto tra le rocce o i ciottoli, emergendo principalmente per alimentarsi.
Riproduzione e Ciclo Vitale La riproduzione di Gobius cruentatus avviene in primavera e estate. Durante la stagione riproduttiva, i maschi preparano un nido sotto le rocce o tra le alghe, dove le femmine depongono le uova. Il maschio custodisce e ventila le uova fino alla schiusa. Le larve sono pelagiche e trascorrono le prime fasi della loro vita in acqua aperta prima di stabilirsi sul fondo marino come giovani ghiozzi.
Identificazione e Confusione con Altre Specie Gobius cruentatus può essere confuso con altre specie di ghiozzi, come Gobius niger (ghiozzo nero) e Gobius paganellus (ghiozzo paganello). Tuttavia, si distingue per la sua caratteristica macchia rossa intorno alla bocca e la specifica configurazione delle pinne dorsali.
Interazioni con l’Ambiente e Predatori Il ghiozzo boccarossa svolge un ruolo ecologico importante come predatore di piccoli invertebrati bentonici, contribuendo a mantenere l’equilibrio delle popolazioni di prede. È preda di pesci più grandi, cefalopodi e uccelli marini. La sua abilità di mimetizzarsi con l’ambiente circostante lo aiuta a evitare i predatori.
Conservazione e Minacce Attualmente, Gobius cruentatus non è considerato a rischio di estinzione, ma le popolazioni possono essere influenzate da fattori come la distruzione dell’habitat, l’inquinamento marino e la pesca intensiva. La protezione degli habitat costieri e la riduzione dell’inquinamento sono cruciali per garantire la conservazione delle popolazioni di questa specie.
Curiosità Una curiosità interessante su Gobius cruentatus riguarda la sua capacità di emettere suoni attraverso la vibrazione della vescica natatoria, un comportamento utilizzato durante la stagione riproduttiva per attrarre le femmine e difendere il territorio. Inoltre, questo pesce è noto per la sua longevità rispetto ad altri ghiozzi, con alcuni individui che possono vivere fino a 10 anni.
Osservazione e Fotografia Subacquea Gli appassionati di subacquea e snorkeling possono osservare Gobius cruentatus in habitat costieri rocciosi e tra le praterie di Posidonia. La fotografia subacquea di questa specie richiede attenzione per catturare i dettagli della sua colorazione e il comportamento territoriale. È particolarmente interessante osservare i maschi durante la stagione riproduttiva, quando sono più visibili mentre custodiscono i nidi.
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