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CHI HA SCELTO IL NOME DEGLI OCEANI? - Il giornale del mare
Skip to content Vi siete mai chiesti qual è l’origine del nome degli oceani? Come è stato possibile unificare i nomi che le varie culture hanno usato per denominare gli oceani? Un enorme specchio d’acqua salata che copre il 71% della superficie terrestre , ovvero circa 361 milioni di km2 : gli oceani.
L’uomo ha deciso di navigarlo, studiarlo ed infine proteggerlo. Ma i nomi degli oceani da dove vengono? Essendo i viaggiatori e cartografi all’epoca principalmente europei, i nomi dati agli oceani provengono dall’Europa.
Questa divisione è dovuta a diverse cose. L’uomo voleva anche essere in grado di localizzare e nominare i luoghi più facilmente. Questo processo è stato semplificato in seguito con la divisione degli oceani in mari , golfi e stretti. Gli oceani sono stati divisi seguendo i confini dei continenti (Oceano Atlantico, Pacifico, Indiano e Artico).
Oceano = ανός La parola oceano: deriva dal greco ωκεανός , nome del dio Okeanós, e con essa gli antichi greci chiamavano la grande massa d’acqua che circondava la Terra, e che iniziava al di là delle “Colonne d’Ercole”, conosciuto oggi come lo Stretto di Gibilterra. I romani lo chiamavano Oceanus , e nei secoli successivi ogni civiltà si è appropriata di questa parola e l’ha trasformata.
La standardizzazione nel XIX secolo Per diversi secoli non ci furono divisioni e nomi ufficiali e non. Tutti usavano i nomi che volevano. Ad esempio, per molto tempo, il Pacifico è stato chiamato “Mare del Sud” dai marinai. Ma dal XIX secolo, la divisione in tre oceani (Atlantico, Pacifico e Indiano ) divenne essenziale, in particolare a causa del forte aumento del numero di bambini che frequentano la scuola, il sistema scolastico preferiva una risposta unica a una domanda. I tre oceani sono quindi apparsi in tutti i libri di testo, i test e le mappe scolastiche.
È così che per la maggior parte delle persone l’enorme oceano si é scisso in 3 oceani più piccoli. E’ solamente nel 1921 che l’Ufficio idrografico internazionale (BHI), che nel 1970 è diventato l’Organizzazione idrografica internazionale (IHO), è stato creato sulla scia della Società delle Nazioni. Poi ancora fino al 1928 per stabilire ufficialmente la divisione in 5 oceani (tenendo conto degli oceani polari) e definirne i limiti ed i nomi.
La divisione dell’Oceano e dei suoi nomi è quindi qualcosa di totalmente inventata dall’Uomo. Nulla dice che questi nomi non possano cambiare in futuro. Ma il fatto che tutti usino la stessa ripartizione e gli stessi termini suggerisce che questo sistema continuerà.
Origine delle denominazioni Il nome oceano deriva dal titano Okeanos che nella mitologia greca era, prima di Poseidone , il signore delle acque.
L’Oceano Atlantico prende il nome dal titano Atlante , che nella mitologia greca portava la volta terrestre nell’Europa occidentale.
L’Oceano Pacifico prende il nome dal navigatore Magellano che lo chiamò così perché le sue acque erano molto calme.
L’Oceano Indiano e l’Oceano Artico prendono entrambi il nome del continente.
L’Oceano Australe prende il nome dall’aggettivo omonimo che significa “che si trova nell’emisfero australe”.
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