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Attaccato dal batterio Halomonas titanicae, il relitto del Titanic potrebbe scomparire rapidamente. - Il giornale del mare
Skip to content Home Biologia marina Attaccato dal batterio Halomonas titanicae, il relitto del Titanic potrebbe scomparire rapidamente. Nella notte del 14 al 15 aprile 1912, l’iconico RMS Titanic, mentre navigava al largo di Terranova, urtò un iceberg sull’avanti , sul lato destro. Affondò in meno di tre ore, provocando circa 1.500 vittime. Da oltre un secolo, il relitto giace sul fondo marino a una profondità di 3.800 metri, in un ambiente ostile caratterizzato dalla mancanza di luce e dalla pressione elevata. Contrariamente alle aspettative, la corrosione della nave sembra accelerare a causa di un nemico invisibile: il batterio Halomonas titanicae .
La scoperta di Halomonas titanicae: Nel 2010, un team di scienziati canadesi fece una scoperta scioccante: un batterio stava consumando i resti del Titanic. L’analisi di un campione di ruggine recuperato nel 1991 rivelò la presenza di questo batterio resistente, che fu successivamente nominato Halomonas titanicae. Appartenente al genere Halomonas, noto per la sua robustezza in condizioni estreme, questo batterio dimostra una resistenza eccezionale a fattori come temperatura elevata, salinità, pressione, assenza di ossigeno e oscurità totale.
Il ruolo chiave di Halomonas titanicae: L’Università Dalhousie e il CNRS hanno collaborato per studiare le capacità straordinarie di questo batterio . Nel 2016, utilizzando una tecnica avanzata di imaging a raggi neutronici, il CNRS ha rivelato che Halomonas utilizza una molecola chiamata ectoina per sopravvivere alle fluttuazioni di concentrazione di sale nell’acqua. La professoressa Henrietta Mann, co-scopritrice di Halomonas titanicae , sottolinea la sfida di preservare il Titanic a 3.800 metri di profondità, ma auspica che la ricerca contribuisca alla comprensione di questi batteri resilienti.
Implicazioni più ampie: Mann riflette sull’importanza di comprendere questi batteri per proteggere altre strutture oceaniche, come piattaforme petrolifere e tubi di ferro, che potrebbero deteriorarsi simili al Titanic. La resistenza di Halomonas titanicae offre uno spunto per sviluppare strategie di conservazione in ambienti marini difficili.
La comunità marina: Halomonas titanicae non è l’unico microorganismo che si insedia sui relitti. Una varietà di microorganismi colonizza le navi che raggiungono i fondali marini, creando rapidamente “biofilm” viscosi su tutte le superfici disponibili. Questi film forniscono un rifugio per coralli, spugne e molluschi, contribuendo a creare un ecosistema artificiale in cui prosperano numerose specie marine .
Il destino del Titanic, minacciato dall’assalto silenzioso di Halomonas titanicae , mette in luce la necessità di comprendere e gestire i batteri resistenti in ambienti marini estremi. Mentre il relitto potrebbe scomparire entro 20 anni, la ricerca su questi batteri potrebbe aprire nuove strade per la conservazione di altre strutture sottomarine e contribuire alla preservazione del nostro patrimonio storico sommerso.
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